Pathologies

Question 1

• injury to the superior roots of the brachial plexus
  (C5-C6)
  -traction injury
  -forceful pulling away of head from shoulder
  -no sensation over lateral arm
  (sensory loss C5 & C6 dermatomes)

Answer 1

Erb-duchenne palsy

Question 2

-arm is adducted
-medial rotation
-elbow extended
-forearm pronated
-wrist and fingers flexed

Answer 2

Waiter’s tip position

Question 3

traction injury of lower brachial plexus

Answer 3

Klumpke’s paralysis

Question 4

poor positioning at birth (breech), or pulled by forceps
-falling from height & grabbing something to break fall

Answer 4

Klumpkes paralysis

Question 5

miosis:
ptosis:
anhydrosis:
enophthalmos:

Answer 5

Horner’s syndrome

Question 6

constriction of pupil

Answer 6

miosis:

Question 7

drooping of eyelid

Answer 7

ptosis:

Question 8

loss of sweating to face and neck

Answer 8

anhydrosis

Question 9

recession of eyeball into orbit

Answer 9

enophthalmos

Question 10

Compression of brachial plexus from structures in the thoracic outlet

Answer 10

TOS

Question 11

Path of TOS

Answer 11

1. B/w ant/mid scalenes
2. Below clavicle/under pecminor

Question 12

Compression between anterior and middle scalene

Answer 12

Anterior Scalene Syndrome

Question 13

Compression between the clavicle and rib1

Answer 13

Costoclavicular Syndrome

Question 14

Compression between coracoid process and
pec minor

Answer 14

Pectoralis Minor Syndrome

Question 15

branches just before supinator

Answer 15

Radial Nerve

Question 16

it enters supinator and travels down
the lateral radius to the wrist

Answer 16

Radial nerve Posterior motor branch

Question 17

travels down the posterior forearm
to the hand

Answer 17

Radial nerve Superficial branch

Question 18

-altered sensation at posterior arm and hand (digits 1,
2, 3 and lateral half of 4)
-wrist drop (can’t extend wrist and fingers)
-if injury is proximal to elbow, both sensory & motor affected,
if injury distal to elbow, only sensory OR motor is affected

Answer 18

Radial Nerve lesion symptoms

Question 19

Radial nerve lesion at axilla

Answer 19

Crutch palsy

Question 20

Radial nerve lesion at spiral groove of humerus

Answer 20

Saturday night palsy

Question 21

Posterior Interosseous Nerve comes off in front
of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
-motor nerve
-get wrist drop
-compression occurs

Answer 21

Posterior Interosseous Syndrome
Radial nerve lesion

Question 22

compression of the superficial branch of the radial
nerve as it passes under the tendon of brachioradialis

Answer 22

Cheiralgia paresthetica
Radial nerve lesion

Question 23

thumb in same plane as rest of hand since
there is no opposition (wasting of thenar
eminence)

Answer 23

Ape hand
median nerve lesion

Question 24

you see when you go to make a fist
only digit 4 & 5 can be flexed

Answer 24

Oath hand
Median nerve lesion

Question 25

runs from an abnormal spur on the shaft of the humerus to the medial epicondyle

Answer 25

*Ligament of Struthers Median nerve lesion

Question 26

most common entrapment condition in arm

Answer 26

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Median Nerve lesion

Question 27

travels over the flexor retinaculum between the pisiform and hook of hamate (Guyon’s canal)

Answer 27

Ulnar nerve lesion

Question 28

baby finger is hyperextended and abducted at MCP and flexed at IP -ring finger is hyperextended at MCP and flexed at IP -atrophy of interosseous mm

Answer 28

Ulnar claw hand

Question 29

Fremonts sign is positive sign of

Answer 29

Ulnar Claw hand

Question 30

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment

Answer 30

Meralgia paresthetica

Question 31

The tibial nerve can be compressed at the ankle as it passes through the tarsal tunnel

Answer 31

* Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Question 32

-affects intercostal nerves that travel between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles

Answer 32

* Intercostal Neuralgia

Question 33

starts with chicken pox -varicella zoster virus is the virus that causes chicken pox in children

Answer 33

Herpes Zoster