Review Document (Final) Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
What meningeal layer sits closest to the brain and spinal cord
A
- Pia Mater
2
Q
What branch of the spinal nerve feeds into the plexuses
A
- Anterior
3
Q
Where is CSF found
A
- Subarachnoid space
4
Q
What structure anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx
A
Filum terminale
5
Q
The falx cerebri lies in the
A
Longitudinal fissure
6
Q
The perineurium is a continuation of the dura mater
A
False
7
Q
What is a ganglion
A
A collection of cell bodies in the PNS
8
Q
Flexor digitorum superficialis, pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis are supplied by which nerve
A
Median
9
Q
Injury to the radial nerve produces
A
Wrist drop
10
Q
Obturator nerve supplies
A
Adductors of the hip
11
Q
Femoral nerve supplies
A
Flexors of the hip
12
Q
Erb-Duchenne palsy presents with
A
Waiter’s Tip Position
13
Q
What are the branches of the Sciatic nerve
A
Tibial & common fibular nerve
14
Q
What dermatome supplies the middle finger
A
C7
15
Q
What receptor monitors the tension held in a muscle
A
GTO
16
Q
The Mesencephalon develops into what structure(s)
A
Aquaduct of the midbrain
17
Q
What structure creates cerebral spinal fluid
A
Choroid plexus
18
Q
Where is the decussation of the pyramids
A
Medulla
19
Q
Where are the nuclei for CN 5
A
Pons
20
Q
Where is the substantia nigra found
A
Midbrain
21
Q
What controls Autonomic function
A
Hypothalamus
22
Q
What structure is responsible for balance and coordination of movement
A
Cerebellum
23
Q
What nerve supplies the diaphragm?
A
Phrenic
24
Q
In a stretch reflex arc, the afferent nerve transmits the input from
A
Muscle spindle
25
What structure forms the falx cerebelli
Dura Mater
26
What structure makes the cerebral spinal fluid
Choroid plexus
27
The blood brain barrier is formed by
1. Thick basement membrane
2. Astrocytes
3. Tight junctions
28
Which of the following structures are found in the diencephalon
Third Ventricle, Thalamus, Epithalamus
29
Effectors of the autonomic nervous system include
Cardiac muscle
30
The part of the nervous system that is considered voluntary is the
Somatic nervous system
31
Afferent nerves conduct nerve impulses from
receptors to the central nervous system
32
Spinal nerves are considered mixed, which means that
They contain both afferent and efferent nerves
33
The part of the nerve that contains only afferent fibres is the
Dorsal root
34
The spinal cord is continuous with the
Medulla Oblongata
35
The cranial nerve that has a dermatome is the
Trigeminal
36
The main relay centre that conducts information between the spinal cord and cerebrum is the
Thalamus
37
The primary visual area and association visual areas of the cerebral cortex
are located in the
Occipital lobe
38
The primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex is located in the
Parietal lobe
39
The primary motor area and higher cognitive function are associated with
the
Frontal lobe
40
Slowing heart rate and stimulating peristalsis in the GI tract are motor
functions of cranial nerve
X
41
The cranial nerve that terminates in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the
thalamus is the
Optic nerve
42
The primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex is located in the
Postcentral gyrus
43
In the autonomic nervous system, all preganglionic neurons release the
neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
44
Terminal ganglia are where
* Parasympathetic preganglionic fibres synapse with parasympathetic postganglionic fibres
45
Most autonomic sensory neurons are associated with
Interoreceptors
46
An adrenergic neuron produces the neurotransmitter
Norepinephrine
47
The principal active ingredient in tobacco is nicotine. You might expect
smoking to enhance the effects of
Acetylcholine of any postganglionic neuron
48
The lumbar region of the spinal cord is the location of cell bodies of
Sympathetic preganglionic fibres
49
The limbic system
Is the emotional brain
50
Which of the following are found in the celiac ganglion
Cell bodies of symphathetic postganglionic fibres
51
Which of the following are found in the otic ganglion
Cell bodies of parasymphathetic postganglionic fibres
52
What structure separates right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum
Longitudinal fissure
53
The corpus callosum is an example of a
Commissural tract
54
Nearly 80% of the total craniosacral outflow is carried by the vagus nerve
True
55
Which of the following are sympathetic responses
a. Contraction of circular muscle of the eye
b. Contraction of the radiate muscle of the eye
c. Production of saliva
d. Cessation of sweat production
a. Contraction of circular muscle of the eye
**b. Contraction of the radiate muscle of the eye** (dilates pupils)
c. Production of saliva
d. Cessation of sweat production
56
Cranial nerve I ends in
Primary olfactory area
57
The optic chiasm is
Located above the pituitary gland
58
Shifting the gaze of your eyes to the left involves cranial nerves
IV, VI
59
What cranial nerve supplies the tongue with temperature sensation
V
60
Which cranial nerve supplies movement to the jaw
Mandibular branch of CN V
61
CN VIII supplies
Sensory
62
CN IX is the _________________ nerve
Glossopharengeal
63
Which ganglion is associated with the prevertebral ganglia of the
parasympathetic nervous system
a. Ciliary
b. Otic
c. Submandibular
d. Superior cervical
e. None of the above
a. Ciliary
b. Otic
c. Submandibular
d. Superior cervical
**e. None of the above**
64
Bell’s Palsy involves which cranial nerve(s)
b. VII
65
Salivation is a _________________________ response
Parasympathetic
66
Dilation of the pupils is a _________________________ response.
Sympathetic
67
Bronchodilation is a _________________________ response.
Sympathetic
68
Digestion is a _________________________ response
Parasympathetic
69
Lacrimation is a _________________________ response
Parasympathetic
70
Contraction of the arrector pilli muscles is a _________________________ response
Sympathetic
71
Dilation of blood vessels to the liver is a _________________________ response
Sympathetic
72
Charcot-Marie Tooth disease involves motor and sensory
changes, usually initially affecting the femoral nerve
False
73
Guillain-Barre Syndrome is a slowly-progressing disorder that
affects motor and sensory nerves as a result of antibody-mediated demylenation
False
74
Post-polio affects motor nerves and can develop in sites that
were not originally affected by the polio virus
True
75
The onset of symptoms for Myasthenia Gravis usually start in
the ocular muscles (muscles of the eye).
True
76
What are the 3 protective structures of the central nervous system?
1. Boney skull & vertebrae
2. Meninges
3. CSF
77
What are denticulate ligaments and where are they found
Denticulate ligaments are extensions of the Pia Mater that project into the Subarachnoid space
78
Where is the cerebral spinal fluid found?
Subarachnoid space
79
In adults, the spinal cord extends from the
Medulla to the conus medullaris
80
The cervical enlargement is found in segments __
C4-T1
81
The lumbar enlargement is found in segments __
T9-T12
82
What do we call the tapered structure of the spinal cord around L1/L2
Conus Medullaris
83
What is the name of the extension of the pia mater that extends from the end of the spinal cord to the coccyx?
Filum Terminale
84
How many spinal nerves are there?
31 pair
85
After L2, the spinal cord continues as the _
Cauda Equina
86
What is found in the anterior grey horns
Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons
87
What is found in the lateral grey horns?
Cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons
88
What is found in the posterior grey horns?
Cell bodies and axons of interneurons, axons of sensory neurons
89
What is found in the dorsal root ganglion?
Cell bodies of sensory neurons
90
What signals are carried out the ventral root? The dorsal root?
Ventral: Motor
Dorsal: Sensory
91
What is a tract?
A collection of axons in the CNS
92
What is a ganglion?
A collection of cell bodies in the PNS
93
What is a nerve?
A collection of axons in the PNS
94
What is a nuclei?
A collection of cell bodies in the CNS
95
Give 2 examples of a receptor
Rods and cones, GTO, muscle spindle
96
Give 2 examples of an effector
Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands.
97
What is a mixed nerve?
Carries both sensory and motor impulses
98
What are the names of the plexuses
Cervical, Brachial, Lumbar, Sacral, (coccygeal)
99
At what level(s) of the spinal cord do we not have a plexus? Why? What to we
find there instead?
Thoracic b/ c we have ribs in the way—Intercostal nerves
100
In which pathology can wrist drop present?
Radial nerve palsy
101
In which pathology does oath hand present?
Median nerve palsy
102
In which pathology does ape hand present?
Median nerve palsy
103
In which pathology does winged scapula present?
Injury to long thoracic nerve
104
What 4 areas are common sites for compression of the brachial plexus in
thoracic outlet syndrome?
Cervical rib, Interscalene triangle, Sub clavicular, Pec min
105
What information is carried by the spinothalamic tract
sensory
106
What information is carried by the anterior corticospinal tract
motor
107
What information is carried by the tectospinal tract
Motor
108
What information is carried by the posterior column
Sensory
109
What information is carried by the corticobulbar tract:
motor
110
Is the lateral corticospinal tract a direct or indirect motor pathway
Direct
111
Is the vestibulospinal tract a direct or indirect motor pathway?
Indirect
112
Of the 4 spinal reflexed we learned, which are monosynaptic?
Stretch reflex
113
Of the 4 spinal reflexed we learned, which have reciprocal innervation?
All of them
114
Of the 4 spinal reflexed we learned, which have a muscle spindle as the
receptor?
Stretch reflex
115
Of the 4 spinal reflexed we learned, which are contralateral?
Crossed extensor reflex
116
Of the 4 spinal reflexed we learned, which are intersegmental?
Flexor withdrawl and crossed extensor reflex
