Lesson1

Question 1

Meninges

• 3 connective tissue coverings

Answer 1

(epidural space)

1. Dura Mater

(subdural space)

2. Arachnoid Mater

(subarachnoid space)

3. Pia Mater

Question 1

What protects the spinal cord?

Answer 1

Bony vertebral column

Meninges

Space with CSF

Question 2

Dura mater

Answer 2

Superficial

Dense Irregular CT

Question 3

Arachnoid Mater

Answer 3

Middle layer

Avascular

Delicate collagen fibers and elastic fibers

Question 4

Pia Mater

Answer 4

Innermost layer

thin and transparent

adheres to spinal cord and brain

lots of blood vessels to supply spinal cord

Question 5

Denticulate Ligaments

Answer 5

Extensions of Pia Mater that suspend the spinal cord in the middle

Protect against sudden displacement

Question 6

Spinal Cord Shape

Answer 6

Oval (flattened anteriorly and posteriorly)

Question 7

Spinal Cord Length

Answer 7

Medulla Oblongata to L2

In newborns L3 or L4

Question 8

2 Enlargements of the SC

Answer 8

1. Cervical enlargement
   * C4 to T1
   * Nerves to and from Arms
2. Lumbar enlargement
   * T9-T12
   * Nerves to and from legs

Question 9

Conus Medullaris

Answer 9

End of the spinal cord

Ends between L1 and L2

Question 10

Filum Terminale

Answer 10

Extension of Pia mater that runs from conus medullaris to coccyx

Question 11

Cauda Equina

Answer 11

Spinal Nerve roots at the end of the spinal cord that fan out like a horses tail

Do not exit the vertbral column at the same level they exit the cord

Question 12

How many Cervical spinal nerves are there

Answer 12

8

C1-C8

Question 13

What is a Spinal Tap

Answer 13

Anasthetic inserted in the subarachnoid space to withdraw CSF

Patient side lying and flexed

Normally performed between L3-L4 or L4-L5

Question 14

White Matter

Answer 14

Bundles of myelinated axons

Question 15

Grey Matter

Answer 15

Dendrites and cell bodies of neurons

Unmyelinated axons

Question 16

Posterior Grey Horns

Answer 16

• Incoming sensory axons
• Cell bodies of interneurons

Question 17

Anterior Grey Horns

Answer 17

• Somatic motor cell bodies

Question 18

Lateral Grey Horns

Answer 18

• Only in thoracic and upper lumbar spine
• Autonomic motor cell bodies

Question 19

Tracts

Answer 19

Bundles of Axons in the CNS

Question 20

Nerves

Answer 20

Bundles of axons in the PNS

Question 21

Nuclei

Answer 21

Clusters of cell bodies in the CNS

Question 22

Ganglion

Answer 22

Clusters of cell bodies in the PNS

Question 23

Spinal nerve coverings

deep to superficial

Answer 23

1. Endoneurium
2. Perineurium
3. Epineurium

Question 24

Endoneurium

Answer 24

* innermost layer * wraps individual axon

Question 25

Perineurium

Answer 25

* Middle layer * Wraps fascicles

Question 26

Epineurium

Answer 26

* Outer layer * Wraps entire nerve

Question 27

Neurapraxia | 6 points

Answer 27

* First degree nerve injury * Mild focal compression * Segmental demyelination * Reversible in hours to months * No break in the fiber * Motor function loss

Question 28

Axonotmesis | 6 points

Answer 28

* Second degree nerve injury * prolonged, severe compression * Wallerian degeneration * Endoneurium intact * Prognosis >6mo * sensory, motor, autonomic loss

Question 29

Neurotmesis | 5 points

Answer 29

* third degree nerve injury * damaged endoneurium * Wallerian degeneration * Hard to regenerate * Surgical intervention to suture