review questions (midterm)

Question 1

Areas of the cerebral cortex

Answer 1

Sensory - receieve sensory info/involved in perception

Motor - control execution of voluntary movements

Association areas - complex integrative functions

Question 2

Brain stem consists of

Answer 2

pons, medulla, midbrain

Question 3

Cerebellum location

Answer 3

Posterior to brainstem

Question 4

Diencephalon consists of

Answer 4

thalamus

hypothalamus

epithalamus

Question 5

Largest part of brain

Answer 5

Cerebrum

Question 6

Falx cerebri

Answer 6

separates 2 hemispheres of cerebrum

Question 7

Cranial meninges layers (superficial to deep)

Answer 7

Dura mater (2 layers periosteal and meningeal)

Arachnoid mater

Pia mater

Question 8

Falx cerebelli

Answer 8

separates two cerebellum sides

Question 9

Tentorium cerebelli

Answer 9

Separates cerebrum/cerebellum

Question 10

BBB made up of

Answer 10

tight junctions that seal endothelial cells

Question 11

Ventricles filled with CSF

Answer 11

Lateral - in each cerebral hemisphere

Third - superior to hypothalamus

Fourth - b/w brainstem and cerebellum

Question 12

Longitudinal fissure

Answer 12

splits cerebrum into L/R

Question 13

Thalamus main functions

Answer 13

Process/relay sensory and motor signals

Question 14

Hypothalamus main functions

Answer 14

maintains body internal balance

Question 15

How long can brain go without bloodflow until impairment

Answer 15

1-2 min

Question 16

3 Ways CSF contributes to homeostasis

Answer 16

Mechanical protection

Circulation

Homeostatic function/chemical protection

Question 17

5 functions of hypothalamus

Answer 17

1 control of ans

2. prod of hormones
3. regulation of eating/drinking
4. control body temp
5. regulation of circadian rhythms

Question 18

Why internal capsule isn’t commissural tract

Answer 18

Internal capsule is thick band of white matter containing ascending and descending tracts

Commissural tracts conduct from one cerebral hemisphere to the other (more laterally), therefore it is a projection tract which conducts down to lower parts of CNS

Question 19

What is an example of a commissural tract

Answer 19

Corpus Callosum (separating the cerebral hemispheres)

Question 20

Two centers in the medulla oblongata

Answer 20

Cardiovascular center - heart rate/force of heart beat

Medullary rhythmicity center - rhythm of breathing

Question 21

Bulges of white matter in the medulla

Answer 21

Pyramids which are large corticospinal tracts, controlling voluntary movement of the limbs

Decussation of pyramids is where they cross, thus R controls L and L controls R

Question 22

Sites at the pons

Answer 22

apneustic and pneumotaxic areas - help control breathing

Question 23

Pons function

Answer 23

Bridge connecting parts of the brain twith each other, provided by bundles of axons

Question 24

Midbrain parts? What do they do?

Answer 24

Tectum with superior and inferior colliculi.

Superior is for head and trunk response to visual stimuli

Inferior is for head and neck response to auditory stimuli, by reflexes such as the startle reflex

Question 25

Reticular formation main responsibility

Answer 25

Consciousness and awakening from sleep Sensory axons are sent from here to the cerebral cortex

Question 26

Part of brain that controls the ANS and produces glands for endocrine function?

Answer 26

Hypothalamus

Question 28

What does basal ganglion do?

Answer 28

Uses groups of nuclei to control large autonomic movements and regulate mm tone for specific movements

Question 29

Limbic system

Answer 29

Emotional brain, involved in olfaction and memory

Question 30

Where are the sensory, motor, and association areas found?

Answer 30

Cerebrum

Question 31

What is the sensory relay area?

Answer 31

Thalamus

Question 32

Circumventricular organs main points?

Answer 32

Lack a BBB - coordinate homeostatic activites of endocrine and nervous system

Question 33

Cerebellum

Answer 33

Regulates posture and balance/equilibrium

Question 34

Pineal gland

Answer 34

Secretes melatonin

Question 35

Ability to read, write, speak, calculate, etc...

Answer 35

Cerebrum -- all sone through sensory motor areas

Question 36

Ventral posterior nucleus does what?

Answer 36

Found in thalamus - relays impulses for somatic touch such as tickle, pain, temperature

Question 37

Lateral geniculate nucleus?

Answer 37

In thalamus - relays visual impulses for sight from retina to primary visual area

Question 38

Medial geniculate nucleus?

Answer 38

In thalamus - relays auditory impulses for hearing from hear to primary auditory area