cerebellum Flashcards
(23 cards)
generally speaking what are the functions of the cerebellum ?
modulates movement , aids in coordination and balance
where is the cerebellum located ?
in the posterior fossa behind the brain stem
what are the peduncles associated with the cerebellum ?
inferior peduncle
posterior peduncle
middle peduncle
what are the inputs of the cerebellum ?
through mossy fibres and climbing fibres
where do the climbing fibers originate from ?
olivary nucleus
where do the climbing fibers and mossy fibers eventually connect to ?
the purkinjie cells
what are the parts of the cerebellum ?
the vermis
lateral hemisphere
intermediate zone
flocculonodular area
what does flocculonodular affection lead to ?
vestibular nucleus affection
which leads to nystagmus and vertigo
what does medial cerebellum affection lead to ?
axial and proximal limb muscle affection
falling when sitting
what does lateral cerebellum affection lead to ?
distal limb structures , which affection with the extremities
dysmetria
intention tremor
fall towards the injury
what are the deep nuclei of the cerebellum ?
dentate nucleus
emboliform nucleus
fastigial nucleus
what does dentate nucleus affection result with ?
behaves like lateral lesion of the cerebellum
proximal limb affection
what are the types of ataxia ?
cerebellar ataxia - wide based gate
sensory ataxia - spinal cord affection
vestibular ataxia - flocculonodular affection
what does the romberg test test for ?
sensory ataxia
what is the blood supply of the cerebellum ?
SCA
AICA
PICA
what are the two hereditary ataxias ?
ataxia telengectasia
friedreichs ataxia
what is ataxia telengectasia ?
autosomal recessive disorder
associated with cerebral atrophy
associated with repeated sinus/respiratory infections - severe immunodeficiency
high risk of cancer
what is the cause of ataxia telengectasia ?
DNA hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation
defective TAM gene on chromosome 11
what are the lab abnormalities associated with ataxia tenelgectasia ?
increased AFP
dysgammaglobulinemia - low or absent IgA
what is friedrichs ataxia ?
autosomal recessive disease
mutation of frataxin gene chromosome 9
what is the normal function of frataxin gene ?
mitochondrial protein , a mutation is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction
what is the pathology associated with friedreich’s ataxia ?
autosomal recessive disease
begins adolescence with progressive symptoms
degeneration of spinocerebellar tract
loss of spinal cord dorsal column
loss of corticospinal tract
what is the presentation of friedrichs ataxia ?
hammer toe
kyphoscoliosis
pes cavus
cardiomyopathy
early onset T2DM
charcot-marie tooth
