brainstem

Question 1

what are the parts of the brainstem ?

Answer 1

the medulla
the pons
the midbrain

Question 2

wgat does affection of each of the following structures result in :
spinocerebellar
spinothalamic
sensory nucleus CN5
sympathetic pathway

Answer 2

spinocerebellar- ipsilateral ataxia
spinothalamic - cont pain and temp loss
sensory nucleus CN5 - cont pain and temp loss in the face
sympathetic pathway - ipsilateral Horner Syndrome

Question 3

what is the presentation associated with benedikt syndrome ?

Answer 3

oculomotor palsy
contralateral loss of proprioception and vibration
also associated with involuntary movement

Question 4

what is weber’s syndrome ?

Answer 4

affection of CN3 , the corticospinal tract and the corticobulbar tract

Question 5

what is the presentation associated with weber’s syndrome ?

Answer 5

oculomotor palsy
the motor pathway - corticospinal tract
corticobulbar tract

Question 6

what is the presentation associated with weber’s syndrome ?

Answer 6

contralateral hemiparesisi
oculomotor palsy
pseudobulbar palsy

Question 7

what is the cause of pseudobulbar palsy ?

Answer 7

UMN lesion

Question 8

what is parinaud’s syndrome ?

Answer 8

affection of the posterior midbrain / dorsal midbrain tumor specifically the tectum

Question 9

what is the cause and the presentation of parinaud’s syndrome ?

Answer 9

usually associated with pineal gland tumors seen in children
pseudo argyll robertson pupil

Question 10

what are the complications of parinaud’s syndrome ?

Answer 10

cerebral aqueduct obstruction
associated with pineal tumors

Question 11

what is the medial pontine syndrome ?

Answer 11

affection of the corticospinal tract CN6 and CN 7 due to affection of the medial part of the pons
caused by affection of the PPRF ( which is supplied by the paramedian basilar artery ) or nucleus CNVI

Question 12

what is the presentation of the medial pontine syndrome ?

Answer 12

gaze palsies where the patient cant look to the affected side

Question 13

what is the lateral pontine syndrome ?

Answer 13

happens do to stroke of the AICA

Question 14

what is the presentation of the lateral pontine syndrome ?

Answer 14

ipsilateral bells palsy after a stroke

Question 15

what is the cause of medial medullary syndrome ?

Answer 15

caused by infarction of the paramedian branches of the ASA

Question 16

what is the presentation of medial medullary syndrome ?

Answer 16

tongue deviates to the side of the lesion with flaccid paralysis of the tongue

Question 17

what is the cause of lateral medullary syndrome ?

Answer 17

also called wallenberg’s syndrome
associated with stroke of the PICA

Question 18

what is the lesion that is supplied by the PICA ?

Answer 18

nucleus ambigus
vestibular nuclei

Question 19

what is the presentation of the lateral medullary syndrome ?

Answer 19

hoarsness and dysphagia plus kol 7aga bayza
ipsilateral horner
nystagmus and vertigo

Question 20

what are the midline structures in the braintem ?

Answer 20

all start with M
motor pathway
medial leminiscus
medial longitudunal fasiculus
motor nucleus and nerve

Question 21

what are the midline cranial nerves ?

Answer 21

all divisible by 12
3
4
6
12

Question 22

what are the lateral structures of the brainstem ?

Answer 22

all start with s
spinocerebellar tract
spinothalamic tract
sensory nucleus CN 5
sympathetic pathway

Question 23

what does an occulumotor deficit look like ?

Answer 23

eye turned out and down

Question 24

what does a trochlear nerve lesion look like ?

Answer 24

unable to look down when looking at the nose

Question 25

what does a trigeminal , abducens, facial and audiory CN lesion look like

Answer 25

trigeminal - ipsilateral facial sensory loss abducens - ipsilateral eye abduction weakness facial - ipsilateral facial weakness auditory - ipsilateral deafness

Question 26

which of the CN are above the pons , in the pons and in the medulla ?

Answer 26

midbrain - 3,4 pons - 5,6,7,8 medulla - 9,10,11,12

Question 27

weakness of CN 9,10,11,12 ?

Answer 27

9 - ipsilateral pharyngeal sensory loss 10 - ipsilateral palatal weakness 11 - ipsilateral shoulder weakness 12 - ipsilateral weakness of the tongue

Question 28

what does affection of each of these structures look like motor pathway medial leminiscus medial longitudunal fasiculus motor nucleus and nerve ?

Answer 28

motor pathway - contralateral weakness medial leminiscus - contralateral loss of proprioception and vibration medial longitudunal fasiculus - ipsilateral INO motor nucleus and nerve - Ipsilateral CN motor loss

Question 29

what does affection of each of these structures present with ?

Question 30

what is the blood supply of the brainstem ?

Answer 30

PCA supplies kol el midbrain AICA supplies the lateral pons basilar supplies the medial side of the pons PICA supplies the later side of the medulla ASA supplies the medial part of the medulla