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MicroBio - Parasitology > Cestodes (tapeworm) > Flashcards

Cestodes (tapeworm) Flashcards

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1
Q

Multicellular organisms, elongated and bilaterally symmetric

A

Helminths Characteristics

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2
Q

Tegument

A

Protective covering or cuticle (smooth rigid, spines or tubercles)

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3
Q

Protective covering or cuticle (smooth rigid, spines or tubercles)

A

Tegument

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4
Q

Attachment structures

A

Hookers, sucker, teeth, plates

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5
Q

Primitive nervous and excretory systems
Alimentary canal in some
No circulatory system

A

Helminths characteristics

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6
Q

Cestodes…AKA…

A

Tapeworms

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7
Q

Segments called ___ form the body

A

Proglottids

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8
Q

chain of proglittids

A

Strobila

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9
Q

(head)- differ in number and placement of suckers and presence or absence of hooklets

A

Scolex

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10
Q

pointed end of scolex that has points of attachments (suckers, hooklets, etc.)

A

Rostellum

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11
Q

Hermaphroditic

Lack digestive systems

Nutrition absorbed through body walls

A

Cestodes

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12
Q

six-hooked larval form released when egg hatches

A

Oncosphere

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13
Q

Most eggs are nonoperculated and contain hexacanth embryo (six-hooked)

A

Cestode eggs

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14
Q

Taenia Saginata

A

Beef tapeworm

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15
Q

Oncospheres develp into ____ in muscle

A

Cysticerci

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16
Q

T. saginata vs T. solium which is bigger

A

T. Saginata (beef)

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17
Q

___ ___ persists in the U.S through the consumption of rare steak.

A

Taenia saginata

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18
Q

___ ___ is more prevalent in poorer communities where humans live in close contact with pigs and eat undercooked pork.

A

Taenia Solium

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19
Q

___ ___ is limited to Asia and is seen mostly in the Republic of Korea, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, and Thailand.

A

Taenia asiatica

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20
Q

Mild abdominal symptoms

Most striking feature consists of the passage (active and passive) of proglottids

Occasionally, appendicitis or cholangitis can result from migrating proglottids.

A

Taenia Saginata taeniasis

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21
Q

Less frequently symptomatic than Taenia saginata taeniasis.

Main symptom is the passage (passive) of proglottids.

Most important feature of ___ ___ ___ is the risk of development of cysticercosis.

A

Taenia Solium taeniasis

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22
Q

Microscopic identification of eggs and proglottids in feces is diagnostic for taeniasis, but is not possible during the first 3 months following infection, prior to development of adult tapeworms.

A

TAenia Saginata

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23
Q

Repeated examination and concentration techniques will increase the likelihood of detecting light infections. Nevertheless, identification of Taenia sp. is not possible if solely based on microscopic examination of eggs.

A

Taenia Saginata

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24
Q

Most important feature of Taenia solium taeniasis is the risk of development of _____

A

Cysticercosis.

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25
Four, muscular cup-shaped suckers No crown of hooklets on rostellum
Taenia Saginata
26
Tapeworm acquired through eating larvae in under cooked beef. Adults in small intestine.
T. Saginata
27
Scolex has 4 suckers and no hooks.
Taenia saginata
28
Gravid proglottid is longer than wide and has 15-30 lateral uterine branches.
Taenia saginata
29
Symptoms: rare with vague abdominal discomfort or indigestion.
Taenia saginata
30
infection of both humans and pigs with larval stages of Taenia solium
T. Solium Cysticercosis
31
T. solium: | Humans are infected either by ingestion of food contaminated with feces, or by ____
Autoinfection
32
in _____ a human infected with adult T. solium can ingest eggs produced by that tapeworm, either through fecal contamination or, possibly, from proglottids carried into the stomach by reverse peristalsis
Autoinfection
33
T. solium: | Extracerebral cysticercosis can cause ____, cardiac, or spinal lesions with associated symptoms
Ocular
34
T. Solium: Of greatest concern is cerebral cysticercosis (or neurocysticercosis), which can cause diverse manifestations including ____, mental disturbances, focal neurologic deficits, and signs of space-occupying intracerebral lesions. Death can occur suddenly
Seizures
35
Demonstration of Taenia solium eggs and proglottids in the feces diagnoses ____ and not cysticercosis.
Taeniasis
36
Scolex Four, muscular cup-shaped suckers Crown of hooklets
Taenia solium
37
Persons who are found to have eggs or proglottids in their feces should be evaluated serologically since autoinfection, resulting in ____, can occur.
Cysticercosis
38
Count the number of primary uterine branches to determine the species __ __: 7-13
T. Solium
39
Presence of ____: Appearance of calcified cysticerci in soft-tissue x-rays Surgical removal of subcutaneous nodules Cysts in eye CNS lesions can be detected with CT (computed tomography)
Cysticerci
40
Acquire the adult tapeworm in the small intestine by eating undercooked pork (taeniasis).
T. Solium
41
Acquire the larvae by eating tapeworm eggs (cysticercosis).
T. Solium
42
Scolex has 4 suckers and hooks.
T. Solium
43
Gravid proglottids are longer than wide and have less than 14 uterine branches.
T. Solium
44
Symptoms: mild with possible epigastric fullness. Cysticercosis symptoms vary by tissue, but 60% encyst in the brain, 3% in the eye for more noticeable visual symptoms and seizures. Calcified cysts may be seen in x-rays or scans
T. Solium
45
Distribution is worldwide in pork eating countries.
T. Solium
46
“Fish” or “Broad tapeworm”
Diphyllobothrium latum
47
Largest human tapeworm (up to 10m long)
Diphyllobothrium latum
48
Adult tapeworm in small intestine is acquired by eating undercooked freshwater fish that contain the pleurocercoid larvae
D. latum
49
Has two intermediate hosts, copepod and fish
D. latum
50
Scolex has bothria and no hooks
D. latum
51
Proglottids have a central uterine “rosette”
D. latum
52
Eggs operculated
D. latum
53
Symptoms: often none unless proglottids migrate to the gall bladder or bile ducts. Can cause vitamin B12 deficiency.
D. latum
54
Distribution is countries and cultures that eat undercooked fish
D. latum
55
Human ____ (hydatidosis, or hydatid disease) is caused by larval stages of cestodes (tapeworms) of genus Echinococcus
Echinococcosis
56
Echinococcus granulosus causes ____ echinococcosis, the form most frequently encountered
Cystic
57
E. multilocularis causes ___ echinococcosis
Alveolar
58
E. vogeli causes ____ echinococcosis
Polysystic
59
____ is an extremely rare cause of human echinococcosis (3 cases)
E. oligarthrus
60
Larval worm is acquired by eating parasite eggs from dogs or other canines.
Echinococcus
61
Forms cysts primarily in liver and then in other organs, the type of cyst and location will determine treatment.
Echinococcus
62
Symptoms: from mild to severe depending on location and incubation time 5-40 years.
Echinococcus
63
Diagnosis is with imaging and clinical findings, confirm with EIA Can be fatal if left untreated, careful surgery is usually involved. Cysts can spread or reoccur.
Eichonococcus
64
Dwarf tapeworm” 2-4 cm long
Hymenolepis nana
65
20 million or more infections worldwide, mostly children or institutionalized populations
H. nana
66
Spread through ingestion of insect IH, eggs, or autoinfection with eggs. Larvae can develop in human intestine as a “cysticercus”.
H. nana
67
Mild abdominal discomfort unless heavily infected. Eggs are diagnostic with polar filaments. Treatment is single dose of praziquantel 25 mg/kg
H. nana
68
20-60cm long | Scolex lacks hooklets
Hymenolepis diminuta
69
Egg Larger than H. nana Bile stained No polar filaments
H. diminuta
70
Requires larval insects “mealworms” to reach infective cysticercoid stage Proglottids overlap each other
H. diminuta
71
___ ___ is most common cause of all cestode infections, and is encountered worldwide.
Hymenolepis Nana
72
Known as “pumpkin seed” tapeworm due to shape of mature proglottid 25 eggs in packet
Dipylidium caninum
73
Pets may exhibit behavior to relieve anal pruritis (such as scraping anal region across grass or carpeting).
Dipylidium caninum
74
Mild gastrointestinal disturbances may occur. The most striking feature in animals and children consists of the passage of proglottids. These can be found in the perianal region, in the feces, on diapers, and occasionally on floor covering and furniture
Dipylidium caninum
75
D. Caninum: | The proglottids are ___ when freshly passed and may be mistaken for maggots or fly larvae
Motile
76
Adult tapeworm is acquired by accidentally eating an infected flea from a dog or cat. More common in children.
Dipylidium caninum
77
Tapeworm resides in small intestine. Eggs or motile proglottids passed in stool (diagnostic)
Dipylidium caninum
78
Symptoms are light or asymptomatic, but abdominal pain, diarrhea, and anal pruritis is possible. Treatment is praziquantel 5-10 mg/kg
Dipylidium caninum
79
The genus ____ occurs worldwide in distribution, although most human cases of sparganosis are recorded from southeast Asian countries.
Spirometra
80
____ can produce painful inflammatory tissue reactions and nodules. Tissue reaction in eye is very painful, and usually causes periorbital edema. May cause development of corneal ulcers. Ocular disease is often associated with use of frog or snake flesh as a poultice over a wound near the eye.
Sparganosis
81
Sparganum is a larvae acquired through eating or drinking an infected copepod, undercooked meat, or tissue exposure (____).
Poultice
82
Larvae may migrate through the subcutaneous tissue causing inflammation and pain especially periorbitally.
Spirometra sp. sparganosis
83
More common in Asian cultures that apply poultices as medicine, rare in U.S Spirometra species are found worldwide.
Spirometra sp. sparganosis
84
Symptoms include swelling and pain. | Surgical removal is the best treatment. High dose praziquantel 120-150 mg/kg has shown some effect.
Spirometra sp. sparganosis
85
Which of the following structures are characteristic of cestodes? a. round b. proglottids c. eggs are the only d. diagnostic form operculated eggs
b. proglottids
86
``` A 50 year old man returning from a two year stay in Latin America is complaining of migraines with fever and myalgia. Exam looks fine except for elevated phosphokinase and mild eosinophilia. Lab results are unremarkable with multiple negative O & P exams. Cerebral MRI shows intraventricular cysts with perilesional focal edema. With what is this person infected?   a. Hymenolepis nana b. Echinococcus vogeli c. Yersina pestis d. Taenia solium ```
b. Echinococcus vogeli
87
pleurocercoid = ?
Diphyllobothriasis latum

MicroBio - Parasitology (14 decks)

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