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MicroBio - Parasitology > Intestinal Nematodes - Cal > Flashcards

Intestinal Nematodes - Cal Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

AKA roundworms?

A

Intestinal nematodes

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2
Q

Nematodes dioecious or mono?

A

Dioecious

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3
Q

Cylindrical
Tapering at both ends
Unsegmented

A

Intestinal nematodes

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4
Q

Outer covering
Relatively impermeable
Protective
Shed during molting

A

Cuticle of intestinal nematode

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5
Q

Used for grasping the female

A

Bursa

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6
Q

Used for injection of spermatozoa

A

Spicules

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7
Q

Intestinal nematodes… operculated or na?

A

Nonoperculated

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8
Q

Giant intestinal roundworm?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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9
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides can cause?

A

Localized hemorrhage and edema
Appendicitis
Ascarid pneumonitis

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10
Q

Ectopic foci are sites other than the usual habitat in the body

A

Visceral larval migrans (Ascaris lumbricoides)

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11
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides mode of infection?

A

INgestion of mature eggs

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12
Q

Describe the Ascaris lumbricoides life cycle

A

Mature egg ingested, moves to intestine where it hatches. From there, it proceeds to heart then lungs/alveoli.

Then coughed up, swallowed where they mature/mate in intestine again.

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13
Q

Infective form of Ascaris lumbricoides?

Intermediate host?

A

Mature, embryonated egg

NO INTERMEDIATE HOST (swine can be a reservoir host)

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14
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides Ssx?

A

Most pts are asymptomatic.

Some develop pulmonary symptoms during lung migration phase.

Mild abdominal discomfort, dyspepsia, loss of appetite, and nausea may occur.

BUT

Depresses appetite and food intake by children, interferes with absorption of proteins, fats, lactose, vitamin A, and iodine.

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15
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides Diagnosis?

A

ID of passed adult worms… Examination of stool for eggs (decorticated ova)

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16
Q

Egg = brown cortication, with hyaline shell wall and yolk mass?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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17
Q

Persistent cough?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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18
Q

Soil transmissible helminth?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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19
Q

Most prevalent helminth infection?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

WORLDWIDE

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20
Q

Larvae migrate to liver and lungs causing systemic responses, eosinophilic pneumonitis (Loeffler’s)

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

MOST concerned with intestinal obstruction

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21
Q

Pinworm or seatworm?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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22
Q

Embryonated eggs ingested by human?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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23
Q

Enterobius vermicularis mode of infection? Habitat? Reservoir host?

A

Ingestion

Large intestine/cecum

No reservoir host

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24
Q

Easily spread among school children

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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25
Eggs infective within 6 hours and up to 20 days
Enterobius vermicularis
26
Specimen of choice is transparent adhesive tape specimen collection (“scotch-tape prep”) or pinworm paddle
Enterobius vermicularis
27
Enterobius vermicularis egg?
"D" shape Hyaline Triple layer shell wall
28
Adulat has Cephalic alae: Wing-like structures?
Enterobius vermicularis
29
Acquired by eating eggs, autoinfection, retroinfection
Enterobius vermicularis
30
Diagnosis: D shaped eggs recovered from patient?
Enterobius vermicularis
31
Old World hookworm | ?
Ancylostoma duodenale
32
Invasion period: Ground itch; larval penetration | Pulmonary phase: Pneumonitis; due to larval irritation
Ancylostoma duodenale
33
Ancylostoma duodenale geography?
Europe, Asia, Africa (becoming worldwide)
34
Ancylostoma duodenale infective stage?
Filariform larva penetrates skin
35
Ancylostoma duodenale diagnostic stage?
Eggs in feces
36
Ancylostoma duodenale pathogenesis?
Intestinal phase can cause anemia/desquamation/malnutrition Potential for secondary bacterial infection
37
Creeping eruption, pruritis, iron deficiency anemia. Anticoagulants in bite wound maintain bleeding even after worm leaves.
Ancylostoma duodenale
38
Possible to transmit worms to infants through breast milk
Ancylostoma duodenale
39
Specimen of choise for ancyclostoma duodenale?
feces (ova)
40
New World hookworm ?
Necator americanus
41
Pathogenesis of necator americanus resembes?
Same as Ancylostoma duodenale; milder anemia
42
Necator americanus geography?
Western hemisphere, Central and South Africa, Southern Asia, Pacific Islands, becoming worldwide due to population migration
43
life cycle of Necator americanus?
Same as Ancylostoma duodenale ``` Habitat: Small intestines Intermediate host: None Reservoir host: None Infective form: Filariform larva Mode of infection: Active penetration ```
44
Threadworm?
Strongyloides stercoralis
45
Strongyloides stercoralis infective form?
infective filariform larvae that penetrate the skin and follow a lung migration (blood-lung-intestinal route)
46
May develop into adults and exist for some time (two or more generations) as free-living nematodes, producing the filariform later
Strongyloides stercoralis
47
Autoinfection frequently occurs Rhabditiform larvae molt into filariform larvae in the intestine and penetrate the intestinal wall to enter the blood stream initiating subsequent internal autoinfective cycles
Strongyloides stercoralis
48
``` Habitat: Small intestine Intermediate host: None Reservoir host: Perhaps dogs and apes Infective form: Filariform larva Mode of infection: Active penetration ```
Strongyloides stercoralis
49
Skin: Portal of entry Petechial hemorrhage Pruritis Larval migration High eosinophilia Sensitization reaction
Strongyloides stercoralis
50
``` Intestinal infection Desquamation Severe diarrhea and gastroenteritis Anemia Weight loss Hyperinfection may be fatal in immunosuppressed patients ```
Strongyloides stercoralis
51
Hyperinfection may be fatal in immunosuppressed patients
Strongyloides stercoralis
52
Autoinfective, can build large numbers in victim. Some infections documented to last over 60 years. Person to person transmission possible.
Strongyloides stercoralis
53
Discovery and ID of rhabditiform larvae in stool examination. May need a large volume and concentrate.
Strongyloides stercoralis
54
rhabditiform larvae in stool examination
Strongyloides stercoralis
55
Found worldwide, endemic in Appalachia in US.
Strongyloides stercoralis
56
Life cycle similar to hookworm, but also capable of free living
Strongyloides stercoralis
57
Uses parthenogenesis while in parasitic mode
Strongyloides stercoralis
58
Whipworm?
Trichuris trichiura
59
Asymptomatic to severe disease Localized inflammation and bleeding Anemia in heavy infection Secondary bacterial infection
Trichuris trichiura
60
Infective stage of Trichuris trichiura ?
Embryonated eggs are ingested
61
Trichuris trichiura diagnostic stage?
Unembryonated eggs are passed in feces
62
Habitat: Large intestines, cecum Intermediate host: None Reservoir host: None
Trichuris trichiura
63
Secretes protein, forms pores in lipid bilayers that allow anterior end to embed in epithelium. May have many bloody stools, recurrent rectal prolapse.
Trichuris trichiura
64
Perforation of intestinal wall Peritonitis Rectal prolapse
Trichuris trichiura
65
Football, barrel-shape with bipolar plugs
egg of Trichuris trichiura Specimen of choice is feces
66
Shape: Thick posterior and whip-like anterior
Trichuris trichiura
67
Found worldwide especially poor or developing countries. Acquired by eating food contaminated by eggs found in soil.
Trichuris trichiura
68
Causes disease with heavy infections, adults in cecum and large intestine. Destruction and inflammation of intestine..leads to malnutrition, iron deficiency, and rectal prolapse
Trichuris trichiura

MicroBio - Parasitology (14 decks)

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