Diphylobothrium OR Clonorchis sinensis

Themes - Cal Flashcards by Johnny B

Transplacental?

TOXOplasmosis gondii

trichomonas can also be passed mother-fetus during birth

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Lymphatic filariasis?

Wucheria bancrofti

Brugia malayi

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Deadliest form of malaria is found where?

Plasmodium falciparum… found worldwide but especially WEST sub-saharan Africa

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Which malaria is in Sub-Saharan Africa?

P. ovale

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Which malaria is in S. America / India / SE Asia?

P. vivax (most common)

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Which malaria si found in SE asia and is still considered a zoonotic malaria?

P. knowlesi

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Which malaria is in S. America / Asia / Africa?

P. malariae ( but less frequent than P. falciparum)

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transplacental?

Toxoplasma gondii (humans)

Toxocara canis and catie - Visceral Larval Migrans (transplacentally or breast milk via puppies)

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ingestion of fish?

Diphylobothrium

Clonorchis sinensis

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Free living amoeba, potentially affecting the CNS?

Naegleria fowleri

Acathamoeba spp (more likely to affect eyes… contact solution)

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Active penetration

Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)

Ancyclostoma duodenale (Old worm hookworm)

Necator americanus (New world hookworm)

Naegleria fowleri (through nasal passages)

Schistosoma spp (japonicum, haemotobium, mansoni)

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Aquatic vegetation?

Fasciola buski (giant intestinal fluke)

Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke)

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‘gotes?

Trypanosoma: metacyclic trypomastigotes –> trypomastigotes

Leishmania: promastigote –> amastigote

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When you think Embryonated Egg in Feces think…

If that’s not enough think sheep intermediate hosts and dog definitive host

Echinococcus

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where do you find hydatid cysts?

How do you diagnose and treat?

What is hydatid sand and what can it cause?

Echinococcus

CT/ ultrasound / scanning and treat with SURGICAL RESECTION

hydatid sand are the protoscolices that are liberated from the brood capsules of a hydatid cyst… they can cause ANAPHYLAXIS

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‘gotes?

Trypanosoma: metacyclic trypomastigoes –> trypomastigotes

Leishmania: promastigote –> amastigote

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CSF?

Naegleria fowleri

Acathamoeba spp

Trypanosoma brucei

(Toxoplasmosis gondii possible)

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Parasites w/ heart habitat?

not necessarily heart ONLY…

Trypanosome cruzi

(A. lumbricoides travels THROUGH heart from small intestine to lungs)

Echinococcus MIGHT make its way to the heart

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Surgical tx/removal?

Taenia solium (cysticerci)

Echinococcus (hydatid cyst)

ALSO

Spirometra (sparganosis)

Dracunculus medinensis

Loa loa

Onchocerca volvulus

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Intestinal nematodes?

Ascaris lumbricoides (giant intestinal roundworm)

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

Ancyclostoma duodenale (Old world hookworm)

Necator americanus (New world hookworm)

Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)

Trichuris trichuria (whipworm)

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Persistent cough?

Paragonimus westermani (Sketchy)

Ascaris lumbricoides (from his lecture – not in PP)

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Appalachia?

S. stercoralis (threadworm)

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Football shaped eggs?

Trichuris trichuria

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Rectal prolapse?

Trichuris trichuria

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Tissue nematodes?

Trichinella spiralis Dracunculus medinensis Wucheria bancrofti Brugia malayi Loa loa Onchocerca volvulus

Lots of edema and high eisinophilia?

Trichinella spiralis

Guinea worm?

Dracunculus medinensis

Breast milk?

Ancyclostoma duodenale

Autoinfection

Taenia solium E. Vermicularis (pinworm) Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm) H. nana (Dwarf tapeworm) Cryptosporidium

Periorbital edema?

Trypanosoma cruzi Trichinella spiralis (maybe spirometra from using a poultice)

Copepod ingestion?

D. medinensis D. latum has copepod as INTERMEDIATE host

myocarditis, encephalitis, meningitis

trichinella spiralis STRIATED MUSCLE 40-50% eosinophilia in a differential IgG antibodies can be detected 12-60 days post infection Muscle biopsy; BACHMAN! Adult has two CAUDAL appendages Found in undercooked pork and game meats

pulmonary eosinophilia?

Wucheria bancrofti Brugia malayi

breast milk to infant

HOOKWORMS Ancylostoma duodenale Nector americanus

Tabanid fly (chrysops species) aka?

Mango fly Loa Loa

Second leading cause of blindness in the world?

Onchocerca volvulus "river blindness" also, hanging groin from Black fly

Nephrotic malaria?

P. malaria Mal kids (bad kids) (also note that P. falciparum can have an acute renal failure)

Vivax?

Viva splendidly (splenomegaly) Young RBCs (living life, man) And more HIP (hypnozoites in liver)

Spirometra Onchocerca volvulus Toxocara Loa loa

Cutaneous habitat

A. Lumbricoides Necator americanus S. stercoralis Giardia Taenia (adults) D. latum (adults) H. diminuta (adults) Spirometra (adults)

Small intestine habitat

T. brucei W. bancrofti B. Malayi

Lymphatic habitat | t. brucei also has a habitat in circulatory, CNS, spleen

Of the US population.... how many people have toxoplasma? how is it detected? Who are we most worried about?

nearly 1 in 4!!!! (as of 1994) serologic testing for both IgM and IgG!!!! INFANTS and immunocompromised.... remember it's congenital!

monkeys, apes or primates?

Schistosoma mansoni Loa Loa Strongyloides stercoralis

Protozoa

E. Histolytica E. Coli Giardia Trichomonas B. Coli (cytopyge) N. fowleri Acathamoeba spp Leishmania Trypanosoma

the most common intestinal parasite of humans identified in the United States?

Giardia

Flask-shaped lesion, if not E. histolytica

B. Coli

Cutaneous leishmanias?

Tropica Major

Reservoir with cats/dogs?

Leishmania ?????

Water plant ingestion?

F. buski F. hepatica

Enterobius vermicularis T. trichiura Pentatrichomonas hominis B. Coli S. mansoni B. coli E. histolytica

Colon/Cecum/large intestine habitat

Football shaped eggs

T. trichiura

Boxer shaped glove

Clonorchis sinensis

Larva -> intestinal cystericus

H. nana

Eggs w/ polar filaments?

H. nana

Rodents?

H. nana H. diminuta S. mansoni

Serologic for IgM/IgG is routine method of diagnosis?

Toxoplasmii gondii

Cestode with motile proglottids? Mistaken for maggots/fly larva when passed?

Dipylidium caninum Spread by dogs/cats shedding their feces

Operculated eggs? Rosette?

Diphyllobothria Latium Pleurocercoid

Rats... No scolex hooks, four suckers...

H. Dimunita Requires mealworms TRIBOLIUM

Diagnostic eggs with polar filaments?

H. Nana (also rats but hooks on scolex, unlike H. diminuta) Autoinfection MOST COMMON CESTODE INFECTION

All cestodes are ingested as either cysticerci OR eggs... except two?

PLEUROCERCOID D. Latum Spirometra spp.

Microfilariae for diagnosis/ID?

W. Bancrofti (mosquito) Brugia malayi (mosquito) Loa loa (deer/mango/chrysops/tabanid) O. Volvulus (black fly/buffalo gnat)

Most cestodes are NONoperculated and embryonated (hexacanth)... Except?

Diphyllobothrium UNembryonated AND Operculated

Most cestodes have four suckers except?

Diphyllobothrium 2 suckers

Themes - Cal Flashcards

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