CF04, FULL RANGE LEADERSHIP

Question 1

Explain the trait’s theory of leadership:

Answer 1

Referred to as “The Great Man (or Woman) Theory,” one’s leadership effectiveness was said to be influenced by their intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability.

Question 2

Explain the skill’s theory of leadership:

Answer 2

(emotional awareness and control are essential to leadership effectiveness): emotional connection and social comfort between leader and follower are key to leadership effectiveness.

Question 3

Explain the Contingency theory of leadership:

Answer 3

match leaders to the appropriate situation depending upon task/relationship orientation, relations with followers, task structure, and position power

Question 4

Explain the situational leadership theory:

Answer 4

followers’ competence and confidence determines appropriate leader behavior

Question 5

________________ occurs when one experiences the positive feelings a task, activity, and the effort of doing their best generates within him or her.

Answer 5

Intrinsic motivation

Question 6

_________________ drives people to do things in order to attain a specific outcome (external).

Answer 6

Extrinsic motivation

Question 7

Explain reinforcement in regards to Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theory:

Answer 7

rewards a specific behavior and increases the likelihood the behavior will continue

Question 8

What are the two reinforcements in regards to Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theory?

Answer 8

Positive Reinforcement and negative reinforcement

Question 9

What is positive reinforcement in regards to Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theory?

Answer 9

involves favorable actions, results, or outcomes that a leader presents to a follower after the follower demonstrates a desired behavior.

Question 10

What is negative reinforcement in regards to Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theory?

Answer 10

includes the removal of unpleasant, unfavorable actions or events the follower is currently experiencing that occurs after they have displayed a desirable behavior, or taking something away that the follower thinks is ‘bad’ in order to ‘reinforce’ a behavior.

Question 11

What is punishment in reards to Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theory?

Answer 11

Punishment is where the leader presents an adverse event or outcome that causes a decrease in undesirable behavior.

Question 12

What are the two types of punishments in regards to Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theory?

Answer 12

Positive punishment and negative punishment

Question 13

What is negative punishment in regards to Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theory?

Answer 13

occurs when a leader removes something valued by the follower after they have demonstrated an undesirable or unacceptable behavior…taking something away to stop a behavior from occurring

Question 14

What is positive punishment in regards to Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theory?

Answer 14

occurs when the leader applies or presents an unfavorable action or result to a follower who has demonstrated an undesirable behavior…adding something to stop a behavior from occurring.

Question 15

What are the three needs in regards to McClelland’s Need Theory?

Answer 15

1. need for achievement
2. need for affiliation
3. need for power

Question 16

Explain the need for achievement in regards to McClelland’s Need Theory:

Answer 16

is a desire where one accomplishes something difficult or masters particular objects, ideas, or tasks independently or with little help.

Question 17

Explain the need for affliation in regards to McClelland’s Need Theory:

Answer 17

People with a high need for affiliation prefer to spend more time maintaining social relationships and wanting to be accepted and cared for.

Question 18

Explain the need for power in regards to McClelland’s Need Theory:

Answer 18

reflects an individual’s desire to influence, coach, teach, or encourage others to achieve. People with this need prefer to work and consider discipline and self-respect as priorities.

Question 19

What are the levels of Contemporary motivation?

Answer 19

1. Membership Level
2. Performance Level
3. Involvement Level

Question 20

Explain the membership level of Contemporary motivation:

Answer 20

Individuals at the membership level only give the required time to the organization. Since they depend on the organization for an income, they merely meet the set standards and nothing more.

Question 21

Explain the Performance level of Contemporary motivation:

Answer 21

Individuals at this level understand and appreciate the rewards and benefits of doing more than those at the membership level. Here, their basic needs are still being satisfied; however, they tend to be more involved in the work center and contribute as long as leadership recognizes their contributions. They bring their complaints and problems to leadership’s attention and may offer solutions.

Question 22

Explain the Involvement level of Contemporary motivation:

Answer 22

Individuals at this level are performing are personally satisfied with their work and feel their personal needs and desires are being met. Their motivation comes from within which enables them to produce high-quality products and services.

Question 23

What are the three types of rewards that are an integral part of contemporary motivation?

Answer 23

1. System Level Rewards
2. Supervisory Rewards
3. Personal Rewards

Question 24

What System Level Rewards in regards to contemporary motivation?

Answer 24

We receive system level rewards just for being a member of the organization. System level rewards are things the organization provides such as pay, training, annual leave, medical and dental benefits, etc

Question 25

What Supervisory Level Rewards in regards to contemporary motivation?

Answer 25

Given to those who go beyond the standard, they include such things as praise, public recognition, time-off, bonus pay, promotions, special assignments, greater roles and responsibilities, etc.

Question 26

What personal Level Rewards in regards to contemporary motivation?

Answer 26

These rewards come from within us. When we fully enjoy our work, we strive to exceed every standard and reward ourselves for a job well done.

Question 27

In regards to Full Range Leadership (FRL), what is a leader is:

Answer 27

A leader is someone who influences others to achieve a goal.

Question 28

In regards to Full Range Leadership (FRL) what is a follower:

Answer 28

A follower is someone who chooses to follow a leader because of the leader’s character, abilities, and vision.

Question 29

In regards to Full Range Leadership (FRL) what is a situation:

Answer 29

A situation describes the relative circumstances, position, or context that surrounds the leaders and followers.

Question 30

What are characteristics of Laissez-Faire (“Non-leadership”)?

Answer 30

o View the development of their subordinates as someone else’s problem o Abandon or passes on their responsibilities to others o Fail to respond urgently to critical situations o Remain indifferent toward important issues

Question 31

What are the characteristics of Management by Exception-Passive (MBE-P)

Answer 31

o Elects to sit back and wait for things to go wrong before taking action o Intervenes only if standards are not being met based on in-place control measures o Will hold subordinates accountable if they fail to meet standards

Question 32

What are the two behaviors of Transactional Leadership?

Answer 32

Management by Exception-Active (MBE-A) and Contingent Reward

Question 33

What are characteristics of Management by Active (MBE-A)?

Answer 33

 Controls followers through forced compliance with rules, regulations, and expectations  Is more concerned with identifying problems and correcting them than trends in performance  Closely monitors performance for errors

Question 34

Explain the Contingent reward style of leadership

Answer 34

Contingent Reward involves the constructive transaction between the leader and the follower. This transaction becomes a ‘contract’ or goal between the leader and the follower.

Question 35

What are the characteristics of Contingent reward style?

Answer 35

o Sets goals, clarifies roles and explains expectations o Uses extrinsic motivation to get followers to achieve goals. o When the follower fulfills the leader’s expectations, a reward is provided to reinforce the demonstrated positive behavior. o Actively monitors progress and provides supportive feedback

Question 36

What are the characteristics of Transformational Leadership?

Answer 36

 Offers followers a vision and inspires them to complete their mission  Inspires followers to exceed their goals  Promote positive and meaningful changes  Uses the “4 Is” to influence and “transform” others

Question 37

What are the 4I's, aspects of transformational leadership?

Answer 37

1. Individualized Consideration (Nurturing) 2. Intellectual Stimulation (Thinking) 3. Inspirational Motivation (Charming) 4. Idealized Influence (Influencing) (pg.17)