Ch. 1, 2 & 4 - Drug Action, Interaction, Regulation Flashcards Preview

Pharmacology > Ch. 1, 2 & 4 - Drug Action, Interaction, Regulation > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ch. 1, 2 & 4 - Drug Action, Interaction, Regulation Deck (230)
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0
Q

Dissolution

A

Dissolving of smaller particles in GI fluid before absorption

1
Q

Pharmaceutical Phase

A

Drug becomes a solution through disintegration & dissolution in order to cross biologic membrane

2
Q

Disintegration

A

Breakdown of tablet into smaller particles

3
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Process of drug movement to achieve drug action

4
Q

Absorption

A

Movement of drug particles from GI tract to body fluids

5
Q

Absorption

A

Movement of drug particles from GI tract to body fluids…the primary factor affecting drug bioavailability…

6
Q

Active Absorption

A

Type of absorption that requires a carrier such as an enzyme or protein to move drug against concentration gradient Requires energy

7
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Type of absorption by which cells carry a drug across their membrane by engulfing the drug particles

8
Q

First Pass Effect

A

Process by which the drug passes to the liver first AKA Hepatic First Pass

9
Q

Bioavailability

A

Subcategory of absorption Percentage of the drug dose that reaches systemic circulation

10
Q

Protein Binding Effect

A

A portion of a drug is bound to protein making it inactive & not available to receptors

11
Q

Distribution

A

Process by which a drug becomes available to body fluids & tissues…influenced by blood flow, drug’s affinity to tissue & the protein binding effect…many drugs travel in blood stream via proteins (albumin, globulins)

12
Q

Free Drug

A

A portion of a drug that remains unbound to protein making it active & able to cause a pharmacological response

13
Q

Half life

A

Time is takes for half of the drug concentration to be eliminated

14
Q

Metabolism

A

Process by which the body inactivates drugs or biotransforms drugs…liver is primary site for this

15
Q

Excretion

A

Process by which the body eliminates drugs Main route is the kidneys (urine)

16
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

The study of the way drugs affect the body

17
Q

Dose Response

A

Relationship between minimal versus the maximal amount of drug dose needed to produce result

18
Q

Maximal Efficacy

A

Maximum drug effect

19
Q

Peak of Action

A

Occurs when drug reaches it’s highest blood or plasma concentration

20
Q

Onset of Action

A

Time it takes to reach minimum effective concentration (MEC) after drug is administered…the period of time between drug administration and the first indication the drug was effective

21
Q

Duration of Action

A

Length of time the drug has a pharmacological effect

22
Q

Time Response Curve

A

Chart that evaluates the 3 parameters of drug action: onset, peak & duration

23
Q

Receptor Theory

A

The activity of many drugs is determined by the ability of the drug to bind to a specific receptor The better it fits at the receptor site, the more biologically active the drug is

24
Q

Kinase-Linked Receptors

A

Ligand-binding domain for drug binding is on cell surface Drug activates enzyme inside cell

25
Q

Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

A

Channel spans the cell membrane & opens allowing for flow of ions (primarily sodium & calcium)

26
Q

G Protein-Coupled Receptor Systems

A

Three components: the receptor, G protein that binds with guanosine triphosphate (GTP) & the effector (enzyme or ion channel)

27
Q

Ligand-Binding Domain

A

Site on the receptor at which the drug binds

28
Q

Nuclear Receptors

A

Receptors found in cell nucleus Activation through transcription factors is prolonged

29
Q

Agonists

A

Drugs that produce response

30
Q

Antagonists

A

Drugs that block a response

31
Q

Nonspecific Drugs

A

Affect various sites

32
Q

Nonselective Drugs

A

Affect various receptors

33
Q

Therapeutic Index

A

Estimates margin of safety of a drug through the use of a ratio that measures the effective (therapeutic) dose (ED) in 50% of people and the lethal dose (LD) in 50% of people The closer the ratio is to 1, the greater the danger for toxicity

34
Q

Drug Actions

A

Stimulation/Depression Replacement Inhibition/Killing of Organisms Irritation

35
Q

Therapeutic Range

A

Therapeutic Window Level of drug between the minimum effective concentration (MEC) in the plasma for obtaining desired drug action & the maximum toxic concentration (toxic effect)

36
Q

Peak Drug Levels

A

Highest concentration of a drug in the plasma at a specific time Indicates rate of absorption

37
Q

Trough Drug Levels

A

Lowest concentration of drug in the plasma at a specific time Indicates rate of elimination

38
Q

Loading Dose

A

Large initial dose given to achieve a rapid MEC when immediate response is desired

39
Q

Side Effects

A

Physiological effects not related to desired drug effects

40
Q

Adverse Reactions

A

Range of untoward effects of drugs that cause mild to severe side effects More severe than side effects & always undesirable

41
Q

Toxicity

A

Toxic effects When drug levels exceed therapeutic range

42
Q

Pharmacogenetics

A

Scientific discipline of studying how the effect of drugs actions varies from a predicted drug response due to genetic or hereditary factors

43
Q

Tachyphylaxis

A

Rapid decrease in response to the drug “Acute tolerance”

44
Q

Tolerance

A

Decreased responsiveness to a drug over the course of therapy

45
Q

Placebo Effect

A

Psychological benefit from a compound that may not have the chemical structure of drug effect

46
Q

U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA)

A

Approves new drugs Develops bio markers & other scientific tools Streamlines clinical trials Ensures product safety

47
Q

United States Pharmacopeia National Formulary (USPS-NF)

A

Current 3 volume authoritative source for drug standards Annual publication with 2 supplements

48
Q

Controlled Substances

A

Drugs with potential for abuse Described in 5 schedules

49
Q

Chemical Name

A

Drug name that describes it’s chemical structure

50
Q

Generic Name

A

Drug’s official, nonproprietary name

51
Q

Brand Name

A

Drug name chosen by the drug company that is usually trademarked & owned by that company

52
Q

Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

A

U.S. sole legal drug enforcement agency that is part of the U.S. Department of Justice

53
Q

Drug Interactions

A

Altered or modified action/effect of a drug as a result of interaction with one or multiple other drugs

54
Q

Over-The-Counter (OTC) Drugs

A

Obtained without a prescription

55
Q

Drug Incompatibility

A

Chemical or physical reaction that occurs among 2 or more drugs in vitro (outside the body)

56
Q

Pharmacokinetic Interactions

A

Changes that occur in absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of a drug

57
Q

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)

A

Practice of checking serum drug levels Especially important for drugs with narrow therapeutic range & highly protein bound drugs

58
Q

Pharmacodynamic Interactions

A

Interactions that result in additive, synergistic or antagonistic drug effects

59
Q

Additive Effect

A

Occurs when 2 drugs with similar actions are administered result in a sum of effects

60
Q

Synergistic Effect

A

Occurs when 1 drug has a potentiate effect on another Clinical effect is substantially greater than the combined effect of the 2 drugs

61
Q

Antagonistic Effect

A

Occurs when 2 drugs given have opposite effects & cancel each other out

62
Q

Common symptoms of drug-drug interaction

A

Nausea, GI upset, headache & dizziness

63
Q

Drug-Food Interactions

A

Food can increase, decrease or delay drug absorption Food can bind with drugs causing decreased or slower absorption Food may have impact on absorption of different dosage forms

64
Q

Drug-Laboratory Interactions

A

Abnormal plasma/serum electrolyte concentrations can affect certain drug therapies

65
Q

Drug Induced Photosensitivity

A

Skin reaction caused by exposure to sunlight EX: sulfa drugs

66
Q

Elimination

A

“Excretion”…Process by which the body eliminates drugs…main route is the kidneys (urine)

67
Q

High Therapeutic Index

A

A wide margin of safety for drug use

68
Q

Low Therapeutic Index

A

A narrow margin of safety for drug use

69
Q

Pharmacology

A

The study of the effects of chemical substances on living tissue. They study of drugs, their sources, nature & properties. The study of the body’s reaction to drugs

70
Q

Drug

A

Any chemical substance that, when administered, produces a change in function of the body.

71
Q

Contraindication

A

A symptom or circumstance that makes treatment with a drug or device unsafe or inappropriate.

72
Q

Cumulative Effect

A

A drug effect that is apparent only after several doses have been given. It is caused by excretion or metabolic degradation of only a fraction of each dose given.

73
Q

Informed Consent

A

A policy in place for the patient’s protection. It allows the patient to be informed, without coercion, about healthcare procedures.

74
Q

Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR)

A

An annual compendium of information concerning drugs, primarily prescription and diagnostic products.

75
Q

United States Pharmacopeia National Formulary (USP-NF)

A

A collection of officially recognized drug names. Includes drugs of established usefulness.

76
Q

Teratogenic

A

Causing abnormal development of the embryo

77
Q

Off-Label Uses

A

Used for something other than what it has been approved for…EX: glucophage for weight loss

78
Q

Four Sources of Drugs

A

Plants, Animals, Minerals & Synthetic

79
Q

1938 Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act

A

Act that empowered the FDA to monitor & regulate the marketing & manufacturing of drugs

80
Q

1970 Controlled Substances Act

A

Act that identified a schedule that showed the potential for abuse of drugs

81
Q

Nurse Practice Acts

A

State laws regarding nursing practice

82
Q

Clinical Pharmacist

A

A specialist who guides the physician in prescribing drugs (may be stationed on a patient care unit to assist physicians, nurses, and patients.)

83
Q

Pharmacotherapeutics

A

The study of of the effects of drugs on the body.

84
Q

Chronopharmacology

A

The study of the actions of drugs in relationship to time

85
Q

Chemotherapy

A

The study of drugs used to prohibit the growth & production of abnormal cells.

86
Q

Misfeasance

A

Giving the wrong drug or drug dose that results in the client’s death

87
Q

Nonfeasance

A

Omitting a drug dose that results in the client’s death.

88
Q

Malfeasance

A

Giving the correct drug but by the wrong route that results in the client’s death.

89
Q

Schedule I Drug

A

A drug with no medical use with very high abuse potential that may lead to severe dependence (EX: heroine, marijuana, LSD, STP, peyote, hashish)

90
Q

Schedule II Drug

A

A drug with medical use but with high abuse potential that leads to severe physical or psychological dependence (EX: morphine, opium, methadone, secobarbital, codeine, amphetamines, cocaine, oxycodone)

91
Q

Schedule III Drug

A

A drug with medical use with moderate to low physical abuse potential but high psychological abuse potential (EX: Empirin with codiene, Lortab, Fiorinal, Tylenol with codeine)

92
Q

Schedule IV Drug

A

A drug with medical use with limited physical or psychological dependence potential (EX: phenobarbital, Librium, Valium, Dalmane)

93
Q

Schedule V Drug

A

A drug with medical use with very limited phsycial or psychological dependence potential…may not require prescription (EX: Robitussin AC, Lomotil)

94
Q

Ampule

A

a sealed glass container used to store single doses of liquid injectible drugs

95
Q

Vial

A

a glass container with rubber stoppers used to store liquid or powdered medication

96
Q

Cartridge

A

single unit doses of parenteral medications to be used with specific injecting devices

97
Q

Liniments

A

liquid suspensions for lubrication that are applied by rubbing

98
Q

Ointments

A

semisolid medications used for local protection or for transdermal systemic effect

99
Q

Troche

A

an oral preparation that dissolves in the mouth

100
Q

Affinity

A

The inclination a drug has for binding or attaching itself to a specific receptor site

101
Q

Antimetabolites

A

drugs which work by combining with cell enzymes because they resemble the usual substances acted on by the enzyme

102
Q

Elimination

A

the period in which a drug is being excreted from the body

103
Q

Termination

A

time when the effects of the drug are no longer evident in the body

104
Q

Idiosyncratic Response

A

an abnormal or peculiar response to a drug (EX: elderly patient stimulated rather than sedated by sleeping medications)

105
Q

Iatrogenic Response

A

relatively predictable adverse drug responses caused unintentionally by medical treatment (EX: GI ulceration from long term aspirin therapy)

106
Q

Tachyphylaxis Response

A

a quickly developing tolerance to a drug given in rapid, repeated administrations (EX: using a topical nasal decongestant over just a few days can develop a blunted response)

107
Q

Cumulative Response

A

results when the body cannot metabolize a dose of the drug before the next dose is given…this means the drug is being excreted more slowly than it is being absorbed

108
Q

Antagonism

A

occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is less than the sum of the two drugs acting separately

109
Q

Summation

A

occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of the individual effects of the two drugs

110
Q

Synergism

A

occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of the two drugs acting independently

111
Q

Potentiation

A

occurs when two drugs are given concurrently and one increases the effect of the other…the one doing the potentation doesn’t have the intended therapeutic effect

112
Q

Competitive Antagonism

A

occurs when two different drug molecules compete for protein binding sites in the blood

113
Q

Kefauver-Harris Amendment to the 1938 Act

A

legislation reference to drug labels & increased control on drug safety

114
Q

FDA Modernization Act of 1997

A

legislation act that accelerated review of new drugs, required drug companies to provide info on off-label drugs & offer advanced notices of plans to discontinue drugs

115
Q

Reversed

Drug becomes a solution through disintegration & dissolution in order to cross biologic membrane

A

Pharmaceutical Phase

116
Q

Reversed

Dissolving of smaller particles in GI fluid before absorption

A

Dissolution

117
Q

Reversed

Breakdown of tablet into smaller particles

A

Disintegration

118
Q

Reversed

Process of drug movement to achieve drug action

A

Pharmacokinetics

119
Q

Reversed

Movement of drug particles from GI tract to body fluids

A

Absorption

120
Q

Reversed

Movement of drug particles from GI tract to body fluids…the primary factor affecting drug bioavailability…

A

Absorption

121
Q

Reversed

Type of absorption that requires a carrier such as an enzyme or protein to move drug against concentration gradient Requires energy

A

Active Absorption

122
Q

Reversed

Type of absorption by which cells carry a drug across their membrane by engulfing the drug particles

A

Pinocytosis

123
Q

Reversed

Process by which the drug passes to the liver first AKA Hepatic First Pass

A

First Pass Effect

124
Q

Reversed

Subcategory of absorption Percentage of the drug dose that reaches systemic circulation

A

Bioavailability

125
Q

Reversed

A portion of a drug is bound to protein making it inactive & not available to receptors

A

Protein Binding Effect

126
Q

Reversed

Process by which a drug becomes available to body fluids & tissues…influenced by blood flow, drug’s affinity to tissue & the protein binding effect…many drugs travel in blood stream via proteins (albumin, globulins)

A

Distribution

127
Q

Reversed

A portion of a drug that remains unbound to protein making it active & able to cause a pharmacological response

A

Free Drug

128
Q

Reversed

Time is takes for half of the drug concentration to be eliminated

A

Half life

129
Q

Reversed

Process by which the body inactivates drugs or biotransforms drugs…liver is primary site for this

A

Metabolism

130
Q

Reversed

Process by which the body eliminates drugs Main route is the kidneys (urine)

A

Excretion

131
Q

Reversed

The study of the way drugs affect the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

132
Q

Reversed

Relationship between minimal versus the maximal amount of drug dose needed to produce result

A

Dose Response

133
Q

Reversed

Maximum drug effect

A

Maximal Efficacy

134
Q

Reversed

Occurs when drug reaches it’s highest blood or plasma concentration

A

Peak of Action

135
Q

Reversed

Time it takes to reach minimum effective concentration (MEC) after drug is administered…the period of time between drug administration and the first indication the drug was effective

A

Onset of Action

136
Q

Reversed

Length of time the drug has a pharmacological effect

A

Duration of Action

137
Q

Reversed

Chart that evaluates the 3 parameters of drug action: onset, peak & duration

A

Time Response Curve

138
Q

Reversed

The activity of many drugs is determined by the ability of the drug to bind to a specific receptor The better it fits at the receptor site, the more biologically active the drug is

A

Receptor Theory

139
Q

Reversed

Ligand-binding domain for drug binding is on cell surface Drug activates enzyme inside cell

A

Kinase-Linked Receptors

140
Q

Reversed

Channel spans the cell membrane & opens allowing for flow of ions (primarily sodium & calcium)

A

Ligand-Gated Ion Channels

141
Q

Reversed

Three components: the receptor, G protein that binds with guanosine triphosphate (GTP) & the effector (enzyme or ion channel)

A

G Protein-Coupled Receptor Systems

142
Q

Reversed

Site on the receptor at which the drug binds

A

Ligand-Binding Domain

143
Q

Reversed

Receptors found in cell nucleus Activation through transcription factors is prolonged

A

Nuclear Receptors

144
Q

Reversed

Drugs that produce response

A

Agonists

145
Q

Reversed

Drugs that block a response

A

Antagonists

146
Q

Reversed

Affect various sites

A

Nonspecific Drugs

147
Q

Reversed

Affect various receptors

A

Nonselective Drugs

148
Q

Reversed

Estimates margin of safety of a drug through the use of a ratio that measures the effective (therapeutic) dose (ED) in 50% of people and the lethal dose (LD) in 50% of people The closer the ratio is to 1, the greater the danger for toxicity

A

Therapeutic Index

149
Q

Reversed

Stimulation/Depression Replacement Inhibition/Killing of Organisms Irritation

A

Drug Actions

150
Q

Reversed

Therapeutic Window Level of drug between the minimum effective concentration (MEC) in the plasma for obtaining desired drug action & the maximum toxic concentration (toxic effect)

A

Therapeutic Range

151
Q

Reversed

Highest concentration of a drug in the plasma at a specific time Indicates rate of absorption

A

Peak Drug Levels

152
Q

Reversed

Lowest concentration of drug in the plasma at a specific time Indicates rate of elimination

A

Trough Drug Levels

153
Q

Reversed

Large initial dose given to achieve a rapid MEC when immediate response is desired

A

Loading Dose

154
Q

Reversed

Physiological effects not related to desired drug effects

A

Side Effects

155
Q

Reversed

Range of untoward effects of drugs that cause mild to severe side effects More severe than side effects & always undesirable

A

Adverse Reactions

156
Q

Reversed

Toxic effects When drug levels exceed therapeutic range

A

Toxicity

157
Q

Reversed

Scientific discipline of studying how the effect of drugs actions varies from a predicted drug response due to genetic or hereditary factors

A

Pharmacogenetics

158
Q

Reversed

Rapid decrease in response to the drug “Acute tolerance”

A

Tachyphylaxis

159
Q

Reversed

Decreased responsiveness to a drug over the course of therapy

A

Tolerance

160
Q

Reversed

Psychological benefit from a compound that may not have the chemical structure of drug effect

A

Placebo Effect

161
Q

Reversed

Approves new drugs Develops bio markers & other scientific tools Streamlines clinical trials Ensures product safety

A

U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA)

162
Q

Reversed

Current 3 volume authoritative source for drug standards Annual publication with 2 supplements

A

United States Pharmacopeia National Formulary (USPS-NF)

163
Q

Reversed

Drugs with potential for abuse Described in 5 schedules

A

Controlled Substances

164
Q

Reversed

Drug name that describes it’s chemical structure

A

Chemical Name

165
Q

Reversed

Drug’s official, nonproprietary name

A

Generic Name

166
Q

Reversed

Drug name chosen by the drug company that is usually trademarked & owned by that company

A

Brand Name

167
Q

Reversed

U.S. sole legal drug enforcement agency that is part of the U.S. Department of Justice

A

Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)

168
Q

Reversed

Altered or modified action/effect of a drug as a result of interaction with one or multiple other drugs

A

Drug Interactions

169
Q

Reversed

Obtained without a prescription

A

Over-The-Counter (OTC) Drugs

170
Q

Reversed

Chemical or physical reaction that occurs among 2 or more drugs in vitro (outside the body)

A

Drug Incompatibility

171
Q

Reversed

Changes that occur in absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of a drug

A

Pharmacokinetic Interactions

172
Q

Reversed

Practice of checking serum drug levels Especially important for drugs with narrow therapeutic range & highly protein bound drugs

A

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)

173
Q

Reversed

Interactions that result in additive, synergistic or antagonistic drug effects

A

Pharmacodynamic Interactions

174
Q

Reversed

Occurs when 2 drugs with similar actions are administered result in a sum of effects

A

Additive Effect

175
Q

Reversed

Occurs when 1 drug has a potentiate effect on another Clinical effect is substantially greater than the combined effect of the 2 drugs

A

Synergistic Effect

176
Q

Reversed

Occurs when 2 drugs given have opposite effects & cancel each other out

A

Antagonistic Effect

177
Q

Reversed

Nausea, GI upset, headache & dizziness

A

Common symptoms of drug-drug interaction

178
Q

Reversed

Food can increase, decrease or delay drug absorption Food can bind with drugs causing decreased or slower absorption Food may have impact on absorption of different dosage forms

A

Drug-Food Interactions

179
Q

Reversed

Abnormal plasma/serum electrolyte concentrations can affect certain drug therapies

A

Drug-Laboratory Interactions

180
Q

Reversed

Skin reaction caused by exposure to sunlight EX: sulfa drugs

A

Drug Induced Photosensitivity

181
Q

Reversed

“Excretion”…Process by which the body eliminates drugs…main route is the kidneys (urine)

A

Elimination

182
Q

Reversed

A wide margin of safety for drug use

A

High Therapeutic Index

183
Q

Reversed

A narrow margin of safety for drug use

A

Low Therapeutic Index

184
Q

Reversed

The study of the effects of chemical substances on living tissue. They study of drugs, their sources, nature & properties. The study of the body’s reaction to drugs

A

Pharmacology

185
Q

Reversed

Any chemical substance that, when administered, produces a change in function of the body.

A

Drug

186
Q

Reversed

A symptom or circumstance that makes treatment with a drug or device unsafe or inappropriate.

A

Contraindication

187
Q

Reversed

A drug effect that is apparent only after several doses have been given. It is caused by excretion or metabolic degradation of only a fraction of each dose given.

A

Cumulative Effect

188
Q

Reversed

A policy in place for the patient’s protection. It allows the patient to be informed, without coercion, about healthcare procedures.

A

Informed Consent

189
Q

Reversed

An annual compendium of information concerning drugs, primarily prescription and diagnostic products.

A

Physician’s Desk Reference (PDR)

190
Q

Reversed

A collection of officially recognized drug names. Includes drugs of established usefulness.

A

United States Pharmacopeia National Formulary (USP-NF)

191
Q

Reversed

Causing abnormal development of the embryo

A

Teratogenic

192
Q

Reversed

Used for something other than what it has been approved for…EX: glucophage for weight loss

A

Off-Label Uses

193
Q

Reversed

Plants, Animals, Minerals & Synthetic

A

Four Sources of Drugs

194
Q

Reversed

Act that empowered the FDA to monitor & regulate the marketing & manufacturing of drugs

A

1938 Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act

195
Q

Reversed

Act that identified a schedule that showed the potential for abuse of drugs

A

1970 Controlled Substances Act

196
Q

Reversed

State laws regarding nursing practice

A

Nurse Practice Acts

197
Q

Reversed

A specialist who guides the physician in prescribing drugs (may be stationed on a patient care unit to assist physicians, nurses, and patients.)

A

Clinical Pharmacist

198
Q

Reversed

The study of of the effects of drugs on the body.

A

Pharmacotherapeutics

199
Q

Reversed

The study of the actions of drugs in relationship to time

A

Chronopharmacology

200
Q

Reversed

The study of drugs used to prohibit the growth & production of abnormal cells.

A

Chemotherapy

201
Q

Reversed

Giving the wrong drug or drug dose that results in the client’s death

A

Misfeasance

202
Q

Reversed

Omitting a drug dose that results in the client’s death.

A

Nonfeasance

203
Q

Reversed

Giving the correct drug but by the wrong route that results in the client’s death.

A

Malfeasance

204
Q

Reversed

A drug with no medical use with very high abuse potential that may lead to severe dependence (EX: heroine, marijuana, LSD, STP, peyote, hashish)

A

Schedule I Drug

205
Q

Reversed

A drug with medical use but with high abuse potential that leads to severe physical or psychological dependence (EX: morphine, opium, methadone, secobarbital, codeine, amphetamines, cocaine, oxycodone)

A

Schedule II Drug

206
Q

Reversed

A drug with medical use with moderate to low physical abuse potential but high psychological abuse potential (EX: Empirin with codiene, Lortab, Fiorinal, Tylenol with codeine)

A

Schedule III Drug

207
Q

Reversed

A drug with medical use with limited physical or psychological dependence potential (EX: phenobarbital, Librium, Valium, Dalmane)

A

Schedule IV Drug

208
Q

Reversed

A drug with medical use with very limited phsycial or psychological dependence potential…may not require prescription (EX: Robitussin AC, Lomotil)

A

Schedule V Drug

209
Q

Reversed

a sealed glass container used to store single doses of liquid injectible drugs

A

Ampule

210
Q

Reversed

a glass container with rubber stoppers used to store liquid or powdered medication

A

Vial

211
Q

Reversed

single unit doses of parenteral medications to be used with specific injecting devices

A

Cartridge

212
Q

Reversed

liquid suspensions for lubrication that are applied by rubbing

A

Liniments

213
Q

Reversed

semisolid medications used for local protection or for transdermal systemic effect

A

Ointments

214
Q

Reversed

an oral preparation that dissolves in the mouth

A

Troche

215
Q

Reversed

The inclination a drug has for binding or attaching itself to a specific receptor site

A

Affinity

216
Q

Reversed

drugs which work by combining with cell enzymes because they resemble the usual substances acted on by the enzyme

A

Antimetabolites

217
Q

Reversed

the period in which a drug is being excreted from the body

A

Elimination

218
Q

Reversed

time when the effects of the drug are no longer evident in the body

A

Termination

219
Q

Reversed

an abnormal or peculiar response to a drug (EX: elderly patient stimulated rather than sedated by sleeping medications)

A

Idiosyncratic Response

220
Q

Reversed

relatively predictable adverse drug responses caused unintentionally by medical treatment (EX: GI ulceration from long term aspirin therapy)

A

Iatrogenic Response

221
Q

Reversed

a quickly developing tolerance to a drug given in rapid, repeated administrations (EX: using a topical nasal decongestant over just a few days can develop a blunted response)

A

Tachyphylaxis Response

222
Q

Reversed

results when the body cannot metabolize a dose of the drug before the next dose is given…this means the drug is being excreted more slowly than it is being absorbed

A

Cumulative Response

223
Q

Reversed

occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is less than the sum of the two drugs acting separately

A

Antagonism

224
Q

Reversed

occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of the individual effects of the two drugs

A

Summation

225
Q

Reversed

occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of the two drugs acting independently

A

Synergism

226
Q

Reversed

occurs when two drugs are given concurrently and one increases the effect of the other…the one doing the potentation doesn’t have the intended therapeutic effect

A

Potentiation

227
Q

Reversed

occurs when two different drug molecules compete for protein binding sites in the blood

A

Competitive Antagonism

228
Q

Reversed

legislation reference to drug labels & increased control on drug safety

A

Kefauver-Harris Amendment to the 1938 Act

229
Q

Reversed

legislation act that accelerated review of new drugs, required drug companies to provide info on off-label drugs & offer advanced notices of plans to discontinue drugs

A

FDA Modernization Act of 1997