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Psychology > Ch 1 > Flashcards

Ch 1 Flashcards

1
Q

view that psychology should be an objective science 2) that studies behavior w/o reference to mental processes

A

behaviorism

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2
Q

historically important perspective that emphasizes human growth potential

A

humanistic psychology

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3
Q

the study of mental processes of how we perceive, process, and remember info

A

cognitive psychology

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4
Q

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with mental activity (perception, thinking and memory)

A

cognitive neuroscience

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5
Q

the science of behavior and mental processes

A

psychology

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6
Q

critical thinking, biopsychosocial approach, two track mind, exploring. human strengths

A

4 big ideas in psychology

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7
Q

established the first psychology lab; created a machine to measure how long it took people to press a telegraph key after hearing a ball drop

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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8
Q

One of the first recognized American psychologists; wrote the first psychology book

A

William James

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9
Q

1st woman president of the APA; taught by William James

A

Mary Whiton Calkins

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10
Q

Emphasized unconscious thought process and our emotional responses to childhood experiences; famous for the psychodynamic approach; psychotherapy

A

Sigmund Freud

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11
Q

approach to psychology that deals with unconscious; Free Association

A

Psychodynamic Approach

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12
Q

Approach form 1920-30; psychology should be about only what we observe; “black box”; BF Skinner, Pavlov

A

Behavioral approach

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13
Q

Approach to psychology that people have a choice on how they respond; a more positive approach; western culture; 1950-60; Carl Rodgers

A

Humanistic Approach

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14
Q

Approach to psychology; How we think; way different than Behavioral; open the black box

A

Cognitive approach

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15
Q

approach to psychology; What is the brain doing? Biological + physiological

A

Cognitive Neuroscience Approach

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16
Q

Key elements of scientific attitude

A

Curiosity, Skepticism, Humility

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17
Q

perspective matters (blind men each touching the elephant); different pets of the truth

A

complementary perspective

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18
Q

PCP: how the brain and body enable emotions, memories and sensory experiences

A

Neuroscience

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19
Q

PCP: how the selection of traits passed down from one generation promotes the survival of genes

A

evolutionary

20
Q

PCP: how our genes and environment influence our individual differences

A

behavioral genetics

21
Q

PCP: how behavior springs from unconscious drives

A

Psychodynamic

22
Q

PCP: how we learn observable responses

A

Behavioral

23
Q

PCP: how we encode, process and store and retrieve info

A

Cognitive

24
Q

PCP: how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures

A

Social Cultural

25
Q

American psychologist who thought psychology must be the scientific study of observable behavior. Led to behaviorism in 1920s

A

John B Watson

26
Q

helped pioneer the behavioral approach in the 1920s with John B Watson

A

BF Skinner

27
Q

a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study. EX sleep deprived may be defined as 2 hours of sleep or less

A

operational definition

28
Q

an explanation using principles that organize observations and predict behaviors or events

A

theory

29
Q

Components of a good theory:

A

effectively organizes, leads to clear predictions, allows replicating

30
Q

a testable prediction often implied by a theory

A

hypothesis

31
Q

an approach that integrates different but complementary views from biological, psychological, and social cultural views

A

bio psychological approach

32
Q

principle that our mind processes info at the same time on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

A

dual processing

33
Q

limits of intuition

A

hindsight bias, overconfidence, perceived order of random events

34
Q

descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth

A

case study

35
Q

a descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations w/o trying to change or control a situation

A

naturalistic observation

36
Q

measure of the extent to which two events vary together and how well one predicts the other

A

correlation

37
Q

exploring the links between brain and mind

A

biological psychologists

38
Q

studying our changing abilities from womb to tomb

A

developmental psychologists

39
Q

experimenting with how we think perceive and solve problems

A

cognitive psychologists

40
Q

investigating our persistent traits

A

personality psychologists

41
Q

exploring how we view and affect one another

A

social psychologists

42
Q

helping people cope with personal and career challenges by recognizing strengths and resources

A

counseling psychologists

43
Q

investigating psychological, biological and behavioral factors that promote or impair our health

A

health psychologists

44
Q

assessing and treating people with mental emotional and behavior disorders

A

clinical psychologists

45
Q

studying and advising on workplace related behaviors and system

A

industrial organizational

46
Q

working to create social and physical environments that are healthy for all

A

community psychologists

Psychology (14 decks)

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