Ch 8: Thinking, Lang, Intell

Question 1

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating

Answer 1

Cognition

Question 2

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas or people

Answer 2

Concept

Question 3

A mental image or best example of a category

Answer 3

Prototype

Question 4

A methodical logical rule or procedure that guarantees you will solve a particular problem

Answer 4

Algorithm

Question 5

A simple thinking strategy that often allows you to make a judgment and solve problems efficiently

Answer 5

Heuristic

Question 6

A sudden realization of the solution to a problem; contrasts with strategy based solutions

Answer 6

Insight

Question 7

A tendency to seek evidence for our ideas more eagerly than we seek evidence against them

Answer 7

Confirmation bias

Question 8

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective

Answer 8

Fixation

Question 9

Estimating how common an event is based on its mental availability; when an event comes readily to mind, we assume it must be common

Answer 9

Availability heuristic

Question 10

The tendency to be more confident than correct (overestimate)

Answer 10

Overconfidence

Question 11

Clinging to beliefs even after evidence has proven them wrong

Answer 11

Belief perseverance

Question 12

The way an issue is posed; can significantly affect decisions and judgments

Answer 12

Framing

Question 13

Narrowing the available solutions to determine the single best solution to a problem

Answer 13

Convergent thinking

Question 14

Expanding the number of possible solutions to a problem; creative thinking that branches out in different directions

Answer 14

Divergent thinking

Question 15

A general intelligence factor that underlies specific mental abilities and is measured by every task on an intelligence test; Spearman

Answer 15

General intelligence (g)

Question 16

A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill such as drawing

Answer 16

Savant syndrome

Question 17

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Answer 17

Emotional intelligence

Question 18

Our abilities are classified into 8 or 9 independent intelligences which include a broad range of skills beyond traditional school smarts

Answer 18

Gardners multiple intelligences

Question 19

Our intelligence is best classified into three areas that predict real world success: analytical, creative, and practical

Answer 19

Sternbergs triarchic theory

Question 20

A test designed to assess what a person has learned

Answer 20

Achievement test

Question 21

A test designed to predict a persons future performance

Answer 21

Aptitude test

Question 22

A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age

Answer 22

Mental age

Question 23

The widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test (Terman at Stanford)

Answer 23

Stanford-Binet

Question 24

The most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and nonverbal subtests

Answer 24

WAIS

Question 25

Defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretreated group

Answer 25

Standardization

Question 26

The extent to which a test yields consistent results

Answer 26

Reliability

Question 27

The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Answer 27

Validity

Question 28

The portion of variation in a group that we can attribute to genes; may vary depending on population and environment

Answer 28

Heritability

Question 29

Research in which people of different ages are compared with one another

Answer 29

Cross sectional study

Question 30

Research in which the same people are testified and retested over a long time

Answer 30

Longitudinal study

Question 31

Your accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

Answer 31

Crystallized intelligence

Question 32

Ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age

Answer 32

Fluid intelligence

Question 33

The mental ability to learn from experience, solve problems and use knowledge in new situations

Answer 33

Intelligence

Question 34

4 components of emotional intelligence

Answer 34

Perceiving, understanding, managing, and using emotions