Ch 12

Question 1

An individuals characteristic pattern of thinking feeling and acting

Answer 1

Personality

Question 2

Symbolic representations of underlying traumatic experience

Answer 2

Symptoms

Question 3

Memories that are available but not currently in awareness

Answer 3

Preconscious

Question 4

Unconsciousness that operates on the pleasure principle and wish fulfillment; “devil”

Answer 4

Id

Question 5

Operates using the reality principle; satisfies the id’s wishes in a way that will bring pleasure rather than pain

Answer 5

Ego

Question 6

Part of the conscious personality that represents ideals and morals “angel”

Answer 6

Superego

Question 7

The basic defense mechanism that banishes and disguises feelings and memories that arouse anxiety from consciousness

Answer 7

Repression

Question 8

Channeling forbidden impulses into something acceptable DM

Answer 8

Sublimation

Question 9

Channeling impulses into non threatening objects DM

Answer 9

Displacement

Question 10

Refusing to accept certain facts exist DM

Answer 10

Denial

Question 11

Acting in a manner opposite of impulses DM

Answer 11

Reaction formation

Question 12

Over-rationalize; removing emotional content from an emotional idea DM

Answer 12

Intellectualization

Question 13

Attributing unconscious impulses to people other than ourselves DM

Answer 13

Projection

Question 14

A personality test designed to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli, revealing hidden emotions

Answer 14

Projective Test

Question 15

3 big ideas that survived Freud’s psychoanalytic theory

Answer 15

1) importance of childhood experiences 2)existence of the unconscious mind 3) our self protected defense mechanisms

Question 16

Criticisms of Freud’s psychoanalytic theory

Answer 16

1) not empirical (scientifically testable) 2) focused too much on sexual conflicts in childhood 3) based on the idea of repression

Question 17

Carl Roger’s Person Centered Perspective; people nurture our growth in three ways

Answer 17

Being genuine, being accepting, being empathetic

Question 18

A caring, accepting, non judge mental attitude that Rogers believed would help people develop self awareness and self acceptance

Answer 18

Unconditional positive regard

Question 19

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the questions “who am I?”

Answer 19

Self concept

Question 20

Hysteria

Answer 20

Traumatic experiences are repressed (actively held in unconscious)

Question 21

Humanistic theories

Answer 21

Maslow and Carl Rogers; shifted focus from disorders born out of dark conflicts to emphasizing ways that healthy people strive

Question 22

What Freud and Humanistic theories have in common

Answer 22

Explaining how our personality develops; they focused on the forces that act upon us

Question 23

Trait researchers

Answer 23

Led by Gordon Alport; are less concerned with explaining traits than describing them; define personality as stable and enduring patterns of behavior

Question 24

Trait

Answer 24

A dimension of personality used to categorize people according to the degree to which they manifest a particular characteristic

Question 25

Two assumptions of trait theories

Answer 25

1) stability over time | 2) stability across situations

Question 26

Big five factors

Answer 26

Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion

Question 27

Conscientiousness

Answer 27

Organized, careful, disciplined

Question 28

Personality traits are weak predictors of a person’s behavior; it only predicts behavior across many different situations

Answer 28

Person situation controversy

Question 29

Overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearances and performances

Answer 29

Spotlight effect

Question 30

Our feelings of high or low self worth

Answer 30

Self esteem

Question 31

Feelings of self that change; situation based

Answer 31

Self worth

Question 32

Our readiness to perceive ourselves favorably

Answer 32

Self serving bias

Question 33

Giving priority to our own goals over group goals and defining our identity in terms of personal traits rather than membership

Answer 33

Individualism

Question 34

Giving priority to goals of the group

Answer 34

Collectivism

Question 35

Neuroticism

Answer 35

Nervousness; emotional instability

Question 36

Agreeableness

Answer 36

Affection, trusting

Question 37

Openness

Answer 37

Originality; open mindedness

Question 38

Extraversion

Answer 38

Energy; enthusiasm