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Neuroscience (By Chapter) > Ch. 1: Intro to Neuroscience > Flashcards

Ch. 1: Intro to Neuroscience Flashcards

1
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal N
Motor
Move tongue
From Medulla

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2
Q

CN XI

A

Spinal Accessory N
Motor
Trap/SCM
From Medulla

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3
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal N
Motor/Sensory
Taste, swallow, salivation
From Medulla

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4
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear N
Sensory
Hearing/balance
From Pons

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5
Q

CN VII

A 
Facial N
Motor/Sensory
Facial Mm for expression
Salivation/tears
Taste
From Pons
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6
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens N
Motor
Move eye laterally
From Pons

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7
Q

CN V

A 
Trigeminal N
Motor/Sensory
Face Sensation
Mastication Mm
From Pons
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8
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear N
Motor
Move eye down and medially
From Midbrain

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9
Q

CN III

A 
Occulomotor N
Motor
Eye movement, up/down/medially
Sympathetic: open eyelid, constrict pupil
From midbrain
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10
Q

CN II

A

Optic N
Sensory
Vision

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11
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory N
Sensory
Smell

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12
Q

Neuroscience

A

Science concerned with development, chemistry, structure & function & pathology of nervous system

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13
Q

Efferent

A

Away from core
Down and out
Motor

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14
Q

2 spinal cord functions

A 
conduct info (brain-->body, body-->brain)
Process info (interneurons/synapses)
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15
Q

3 sections of brainstem

A

Medulla, pons, midbrain

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16
Q

Medulla Parts

A

(Olive), Pyramids

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17
Q

Spinal Horns

A

Made up of grey matter

Dorsal=sensory cell bodies
Anterior=motor cell bodies

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18
Q

Brainstem function

A

Life sustaining functions

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19
Q

Nerves originating from medulla

A

IX, X, XI, XII

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20
Q

Decussation

A

Crossing over of signals in pyramid of medulla

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21
Q

Bulge of Pons

A

cell connections to make copy of motor plans to send to cerebellum

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22
Q

Pyramid of Medulla

A

2 elongated ridges along ant midline of medulla

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23
Q

Nerves originating from Pons

A

V, VI, VII, VIII

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24
Q

Nerves originating from Midbrain

A

III, IV

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25
Cerebral peduncles
- ant, top of midbrain - bundles of white matter from cerebrum to pons - efferent/motor
26
Superior colliculi
process visual info
27
Inferior colliculi
process auditory info
28
cerebellum hemispheres
coordinate movement of legs and arms | split by vermis
29
Choroid Plexus
group of leaky blood vessels (strainer) | interface between brain and blood
30
Foramina of Monro
(2 of them) | Canal between lateral ventricles & 3rd ventricle
31
CSF
- strained watery blood once it's filtered through the choroid plexus - regulates extracellular environment - physically protects the CNS
32
Lateral ventricles
(2 of them) 'C' shaped in sagittal view butterfly shaped in coronal view
33
Ventricles
Water balloons in brain filled with CSF 2 lateral 3rd 4th
34
Central canal of spinal cord
unfilled water balloon in spinal canal that collapses during growth
35
Cerebral aqueduct
canal from 3rd ventricle to 4th ventricle
36
Foramina of Luscka (2) & Foramen of Magendie (1)
3 holes to let CSF out of brain
37
Meninges
- (Walls of water balloons in brain/spinal cord) - connective tissue - dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
38
Dura Mater
``` Toughest, outermost of the meninges 2 layers (outer and inner) ```
39
Tentorium Cerebelli
Inner layer of dura mater between occipital lobe and cerebellum
40
Outer Dura Mater
Toughest layer | furthest outside brain and spinal cord
41
Falx Cerebri
Inner dura mater in longitudinal fissure
42
Dural sinuses
(Gutters) - gap in dura between inner and outer layers - used up CSF dumps here to go back to heart
43
Arachnoid Mater
- Just inside dura mater with spiderweb projectins going to hemispheres - CSF flows in cobwebs - Cushion brain and spinal cord
44
Arachnoid Granulations
'Grapes' on arachnoid villi that strain used CSF into dural sinuses
45
Peripheral N Vascular Supply
Each N has a rich arterial supply
46
Anterior Spinal Artery
- On anterior midline of entire length of spinal cord | - Supplies ant 1/2 spinal canal (motor area)
47
Arachnoid Villi
(Villi=fingers) | Projections from arachnoid through dura, into the sinuses (on top are arachnoid granulations)
48
Pia mater
- innermost connective tissue layer right against brain tissue - CSF above pia - Keeps water out of brain
49
Vascular supply to Spinal cord
Anterior (1) and posterior (2) spinal arteries
50
Posterior Spinal Arteries
(2) - on posterolateral spinal cord, running the entire length - supply the posterior cord (sensory area)
51
Cerebellum Vermis
- midline of cerebellum | - help control trunk
52
Cerebrum
Folded brain matter "on top" of everything
53
Fissure
deep valley
54
Diencephalon
- Everything with "thalamus" in name | - collection of cell bodies that route sensory info
55
Sulcus
Shallow Valley
56
Gyrus
Hump between valleys
57
Parietal Lobe
Somatosensory
58
Temporal Lobe
Process auditory info
59
Limbic System
Fleeing, fighting, feeding, fornication
60
Frontal Lobe
- Motor Control | - Executive functions (planning, problem solving)
61
Occipital Lobe
process visual info
62
Afferent
Toward core in and up sensory
63
Limbic lobe
- Deep cortex covering midbrain, thalamus, and basal ganglia | - emotional control and emotional processing
64
Longitudinal fissure
front to back fissure between L & R hemispheres
65
Lateral Sulcus
Separates temporal lobe from parietal lobe | inside is insular lobe
66
Insular Lobe
Inside lateral sulcus
67
Central Sulcus
Separates frontal lobe from parietal | Separation of motor from sensory
68
Parietoccipital Sulcus
Separates parietal and occipital lobes
69
Cingulate Gyrus
(Limbic sulcus) | Separates frontal and limbic lobe
70
Postcentral Gyrus
- post to central sulcus | - somatosensory function
71
Corpus callosum
- Horizontal connections of L & R Hemispheres | - Just above thalamus and basal ganglia and below limbic lobe
72
Precentral Gyrus
- Ant to central sulcus | - Motor function
73
Connections (2)
Corpus callosum | Internal Capsule
74
Internal capsule
- Bundle of white matter connecting cerebrum to subcortical structures - Anterior=motor - Posterior=sensory
75
Vertebral Arteries
- From L & R subclavian Aa, through transverse foramen to brain - gives off: ant spinal A, Post spinal Aa, post inf cerebellar Aa - Comes together to form: basilar A
76
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A
- From vertebral Aa | - Supply bottom, back of cerebellum
77
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A
- From basilar A | - Supplies front bottom of cerebellum
78
Posterior Circulation
``` Vertebral Aa Post inf cerebellar Aa Basilar A Ant Inf Cerebellar Aa Superior Cerebellar Aa Post Cerebral Aa ```
79
Superior cerebellar A
- From basilar A | - Supplies top of cerebellum
80
Posterior cerebral Aa
- 2 branches where basilar A splits - supplies post cerebral cortex--occipital lobe (some temporal) - sends branches to midbrain
81
Internal Carotid Aa
- Through foramen lacerum to brain - Branches into Ant and middle cerebral Aa - Part of circle of Willis
82
Anterior Circulation
Internal carotid Aa Ant/mid/post cerebral Aa Circle of willis
83
Anterior Cerebral Aa
- Direct branch of internal carotid A | - Supply top front of both hemispheres (mohawk of brain)
84
Circle of Willis
Roundabout at bottom of brain where blood supplies join together side to side and front to back Made of: ant/post cerebral Aa, Int carotid Aa, Ant/post communicating Aa
85
Anterior Communicating A
Little artery linking L & R ant cerebral Aa
86
Aa to deep structures
- branches from middle and post cerebral Aa - ant/post choroidal Aa - Med/lat striate Aa
87
Medial/Lateral Striate Aa
around basal ganglia
88
Posterior Communicating A
- Join L & R posteriorly | - Between internal carotid and posterior cerebral Aa
89
Ant & Post Choroidal Aa
- Deep around 1st-3rd ventricle | - Supply some of choroid plexus
90
Superior Sagittal Sinus
- sits on top of longitudinal fissure, front to back | - dumps into transverse sinus
91
Transverse Sinus
- Starts where sup & inf sagittal sinus meet and wraps toward ears, laterally - Dumps into jugular veins
92
Inferior Sagittal Sinus
- Rides in floor of longitudinal fissure | - Dumps into transverse Sinus
93
Jugular Vv
-Take used CSF & blood from head back to heart for recirculation
94
Spinal Columns
- white matter - dorsal=sensory - lateral=autonomic & motor - anterior=motor
95
3 functional divisions of brain
brainstem limbic system neocortex
96
tectum
4 bumps (colliculi) on back of midbrain
97
Motor Learning
repetition, with intent & results
98
CSF circulation pathway
Heart-Aorta-Carotid Aa-choroid plexus-lat ventricles-foramina of monro-3rd ventricle-cerebral aqueduct-4th ventricle-foramina of luschka-foramen of magendie-central canal of spinal cord
99
3rd ventricle
- at midline between thalami | - keeps thalami from bumping
100
4th ventricle
- sits behind pons and in front of cerebellum | - cushion between cerebellum & pons
101
Inner dura mater
inner layers of dura mater that protrude into fissures of brain (falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli)
102
Basal ganglia
- 2 clusters of nerve cells at base of cerebrum that are ant and slightly lat to thalamus - involved in motor planning
103
Basilar A
- Made of 2 vertebral Aa - Sits on front of pons - Supplies whole pons and part of cerebellum
104
Middle Cerebral a
- Direct branch of int carotid A - Goes laterally from int carotid through lateral sulcus - supplies middle outside of cerebral cortex (headphones of brain)
105
3 Major dural Sinuses
superior sagittal inferior sagittal transverse
106
Midbrain parts
Cerebral peduncles | Tectum

Neuroscience (By Chapter) (21 decks)

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