Ch. 11: Basal ganglia & Cerebellum Flashcards
(41 cards)
1
Q
Hyperkinetic Disorders
A
- inadequate inhibition from output nuclei
- Ex. Huntington’s Disease
2
Q
Caudate
A
- input from prefrontal cortex
- input from thinking brain
- “this is what I want to do”
- cognitive link
3
Q
Basal Ganglia
A
- 2 egg shaped clusters of cells at base of brain (lat and ant to thalamus)
- plan/control movement
- make motor plan
4
Q
5 Components of Basal Ganglia
A
- caudate
- putamen
- globus pallidus
- subthalamic nucleus
- substantia nigra
5
Q
Basal ganglia influence on movement
A
- connects BG to director UMN via motor thalamus (high skill, voluntary movement)
- connect BG to helper UMN via pedunculopontine nucleus (postural movement)
6
Q
Cerebellum
A
- inputs to cerebellar cortex
- proprioception and somatosensation via spinocerebellar tract
- has more cells and more complex circuitry than any other part of brain
7
Q
Substantia Nigra
A
- part of BG in midbrain
- has compacta that produces dopamine that power the basal ganglia circuit
8
Q
Subthalamic Nucleus
A
prossessing functions
9
Q
4 Functions of Motor Loop
A
- sequencing movements
- regulate Mm tone
- regulate Mm force
- facilitate/inhibit specific motor synergies
10
Q
Cerebellar Ataxia
A
Stance: sway with eyes open/closed Voluntary Movement: ataxic eyes closed Proprioception: Ok Vibration: ok Ankle Reflex: ok
11
Q
somatosensory ataxia
A
Stance: sway eyes closed Vol Movement: ok with eyes open Proprioception: impaired Vibration: impaired Ankle reflex: impaired
12
Q
Cerebellar Treatment
A
- Slow down movements
- think about moving
- simplify movments
- see and feel movements
13
Q
Cog Wheel Rigidity
A
-rigidity with tremor on top
14
Q
5 basal ganglia functions
A
- motor loop
- occulomotor loop (direct eye movements)
- executive loop (goal directed behavior)
- behavioral flexibility and control loop (social appropriateness)
- Limbic loop (control emotions)
15
Q
Huntington’s Disease Sx
A
Dementia
Chorea (twisting/writhing movements)
16
Q
Cerebellar Lobes
A
- Flocculonodular Lobe
- Holds vestibulocerebellum
- Handlebar mustache of cerebellum
17
Q
Superior Cerebellar Peduncles
A
- output
- efferent from cerebellum
- messages from correction to UMN of brainstem and cortex
18
Q
Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
A
- Afferent
- input to cerebellum from corticopontocerebellar fibers
- gives xerox copy of motor plan to cerebellum
19
Q
Vestibulocerebellum
A
- (flocculonodular lobe)
- equilibrium/balance, posture
- compare intended to actual movement for stability/posture
- influences eye movement and postural Mm
20
Q
Inferior cerebellar Peduncles
A
- Afferent
- input to cerebellum from spinal cord and brainstem
- what I’m actually doing
21
Q
Cerebellar Peduncles
A
- White matter axon bundles from cerebellum to brain stem
- Superior, middle, inferior
22
Q
Parkinson’s Tx
A
- dopamine precursors
- surgical procedures
- PT/OT
23
Q
Hypokinetic Disorders
A
-Excessive inhibition from output nuclei
Ex. Parkinson’s
24
Q
Cerebellar Function
A
- compare actual to intended movement
- adjust actual motor output if there is a discrepancy
25
Parkinson's disease
- Death of dopamine producing cells
- decreased dopamine-->BG malfunctions
- increased inhibition of excitatory motor thalamus-->decreased voluntary movement
- increased inhibition to inhibitory pedunculopontine nucleus-->excessive contraction of flex/ext posture muscles
26
Midline Vermis
control midline/core Mm
27
Cerebellar vertical divisions
(somatotopic organization)
- midline vermis
- paravernal hemisphere
- lateral hemisphere
28
Paravernal Hemisphere
control proximal extrmity Mm
29
Lateral Hemisphere
control distal extremity Mm
| hands/feet
30
Globus Pallidus
Processor
31
Spinocerebellum
- gross movement of limbs
- midline/core and most proximal Mm
- control ongoing movement via brainstem descending tracts
32
Huntington's Disease
-degeneration of BG input modules and cerebral cortex
- dereased inhib of motor thal (excitatory)-->invol Mm contractions
- decreased inhib of pedunculopontine nucleus (inhibitory)-->insufficient contraction of flex/ext postural Mm
33
Lesions of Spinocerebellum
-ataxic, wide based gait
34
3 Cerebellar Functional Divisions
- vestibulocerebellum
- spinocerebellum
- cerebrocerebellum
35
Putamen
- Input: from primary motor cortex and motor planning center
- "this is what I'm doing now and how environment is"
- movement link
36
Signs of cerebellar disorders
- general hypotonia
- general ataxia
- signs ipsilateral to damage
37
6 Parkinson's Signs
- akinesia/hypokinesia
- rigidity (cog wheel)
- freezing
- visuoperceptive impairments
- postural instability
- resting tremor
38
Cerebrocerebellum
- fine distal voluntary movement
- coordinated voluntary movement
- ability to judge TIME, INTERVALS, and produce accurate RHYTHMS
39
Lesions of paravermis and cerebrocerebellum
- dysarthria: problem with mechanical production of speech/sounds
- sounds like drunk slurring
40
Lesions of vestibulocerebellum
- abnormal eye movements
- dysequilibrium
- truncal ataxia
41
Lesions of Spinocerebellum (cerebrocerebellum)
- dysdiadochokinesia (rapid alternating movements)
- Dysmetria (targets)
- Action tremor
