Ch. 1 Vocab. Flashcards
(28 cards)
Lying face down with the palms facing the floor
Prone
Separates superior and inferior portions of the body; perpendicular to long axis; horizontal
Transverse
A sectional plane that divides the body into left and right portions
Sagittal plane
A sectional plane that divides the body into an anterior portion and a posterior portion; also called coronal plane
Frontal plane
Any muscular partition; the respiratory muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
Diaphragm
Contains the lungs and the heart; associated organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and lymphoid systems; subdivided into two pleural cavities separated by the mediastinum
Thoracic cavity
Extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis; subdivided into the superior abdominal cavity and inferior pelvic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
Organs in the ventral body cavity
Viscera
Subdivisions of the thoracic cavity that contain the lungs
Pleural cavities
The central tissue mass that divides the thoracic cavity into two pleural cavities
Mediastinum
The space between the parietal pericardium and the epicardium (visceral pericardium) that covers the outer surface of the heart
Pericardial cavity
The inferior subdivision of the abdominopelvic cavity; encloses the urinary bladder, the sigmoid colon and rectum, and male or female reproductive organs
Pelvic cavity
The study of the structure of the body
Anatomy
The study of function; deals with the way organisms perform vital activities
Physiology
The study of embryonic development, focusing on the first 2 months of fertilization
Embryology
The study of cells
Cytology
The study of tissues
Histology
The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment
Homeostasis
Changes in activity that maintain homeostasis in direct response to changes in the local environment; does not require endocrine or neural control
Autoregulation
Results from the activities of the nervous system or endocrine system, two organ systems that control or adjust the activities of many other systems simultaneously
Extrinsic regulation
A sensor that is sensitive to a particular environmental change, or stimulus
Receptor
Receives and processes the information supplied by the receptor, which sends out commands
Control center
A cell or organ that responds to the commands of the control center and whose activity either opposes or enhances the stimulus
Effector
A corrective mechanism that opposes or negates a variation from normal limits
Negative feedback
