Ch. 4 Vocab

Question 1

Cells that produce exocrine or endocrine secretions

Answer 1

Glands

Question 2

A layer of filaments and fibers that attach an epithelium to the underlying connective tissue

Answer 2

Basal lamina

Question 3

Transmembrane proteins that bind to each other and to extracellular materials

Answer 3

Cell adhesion molecules

Question 4

Specialized areas of the plasma membrane that attach a cell to another cell or to extracellular materials

Answer 4

Cell junctions

Question 5

Connections between cells that permit electrical coupling

Answer 5

Gap junction

Question 6

A junction where the lipid portions of the two plasma membranes are tightly bound together by interlocking membrane proteins

Answer 6

Tight junctions

Question 7

Site where CAMS and proteoglycans link the opposing plasma membrane; very strong; resist stretching and twisting

Answer 7

Desmomes

Question 8

Glands that secrete onto the body surface or into a passageway connected to the exterior

Answer 8

Exocrine glands

Question 9

Glands that secrete hormones into the blood

Answer 9

Endocrine glands

Question 10

Passageways that deliver exocrine secretions to an epithelial surface

Answer 10

Ducts

Question 11

One of the four primary tissue types; provides a structural framework that stabilizes the relative positions of the other tissue types; includes connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood; contains cell products, cells, and ground substance

Answer 11

Connective tissues

Question 12

The extracellular fibers and ground substance of a connective tissue

Answer 12

Matrix

Question 13

A fluid that combines with extracellular fibers to form the matrix, which surrounds the cells

Answer 13

Ground substance

Question 14

Long, straight, unbranched fibers; most common fibers in connective tissue proper; consist of a bundle of fibrous protein subunits wound together like the strands of a rope

Answer 14

Collagen fibers

Question 15

Form a branching, interwoven framework that is tough, yet flexible; resist forces applied from many directions

Answer 15

Reticular fibers

Question 16

contain the protein elastin; branched and wavy; after stretching, they’ll return to their original length

Answer 16

elastic fibers

Question 17

embryonic or fetal connective tissue

Answer 17

mesenchyme

Question 18

loose connective tissue with an open framework

Answer 18

areolar tissue

Question 19

loose connective tissue dominated by adipocytes

Answer 19

adipose tissue

Question 20

contains a watery matrix called plasma, which contains blood cells and fragments of cells; three types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Answer 20

blood

Question 21

the fluid contents of lymphatic vessels, similar in composition to interstitial fluid

Answer 21

lymph

Question 22

white blood cells

Answer 22

leukocytes

Question 23

small packets of cytoplasm that contain enzymes important in the clotting response; manufactured in bone marrow by megakaryocytes

Answer 23

platelets

Question 24

the fluid ground substance of whole blood; what remains after the cells have been removed from a sample of whole blood

Answer 24

plasma

Question 25

Covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways and chambers, and forms glands

Answer 25

Epithelial tissue

Question 26

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart and toward a peripheral capillary

Answer 26

arteries

Question 27

blood vessels carrying blood from a capillary bed toward the heart

Answer 27

veins

Question 28

small blood vessels located between an arteriole and a venule, whose thin wall permits the diffusion of gases, nutrients, and wastes between plasma and interstitial fluids

Answer 28

capillaries

Question 29

cartilage cells

Answer 29

chondrocytes

Question 30

a connective tissue with a gelatinous matrix that contains an abundance of fibers

Answer 30

cartilage

Question 31

a strong connective tissue containing specialized cells and a mineralized matrix of crystalline calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate (osseous tissue, aka bone)

Answer 31

bone

Question 32

a mucous membrane; the epithelium plus the lamina propria

Answer 32

mucous membranes

Question 33

a tissue characterized by the presence of cells capable of contraction; includes skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissues

Answer 33

muscle tissue

Question 34

a tissue that conducts electrical impulses from one region of the body to another; 98% is concentrated in the brain and spinal cord; contains neurons and neuroglia

Answer 34

neural tissue

Question 35

cells in neural tissue that are specialized for intercellular communication through 1) changes in membrane potential and 2) synaptic connections

Answer 35

neurons

Question 36

cells of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system that support and protect neurons; also called glia cells

Answer 36

neuroglia

Question 37

a nonspecific defense mechanism that operates at the tissue level; characterized by swelling, ,redness, warmth, pain, and some loss of function

Answer 37

inflammation

Question 38

a red blood cell; has no nucleus and contains large quantities of hemoglobin

Answer 38

erythrocytes