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Anatomy + Physiology 1 > Ch 10 > Flashcards

Ch 10 Flashcards

(132 cards)

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1
Q

How many types of muscle is there?

A

Three:
Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal

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2
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Only found in the heart
Short, branching fibers
appears striped
involuntary muscle - contracts automatically

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3
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Found in digestive tract/blood vessels/bladder/airways/uterus
Does not appear striped when viewed under microscope
(nonstirated)
Know as involuntary - contracts automatically

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4
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Attached to bone and causes movement of body
Voluntary muscle - can be contracted at will
appears striated when looked at under microscope

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5
Q

Muscle Fiber

A

Skeletal muscle cell

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6
Q

Endomysium

A

Delicate connective tissue that covers each muscle fiber

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7
Q

Fascicles

A

Muscle fibers that are grouped in bundles

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8
Q

Perimysium

A

A sheath of tougher connective tissue that encases the fascicles

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9
Q

Epimysium

A

Another layer of connective tissue that surrounds the muscle as a whole and binds all the muscle fibers together

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10
Q

Fascia

A

Connective tissue that surround the muscle outside of the epimysium

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11
Q

Deep Fascia

A

Lies between muscles

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12
Q

Superficial Fascia

A

(hypodermis) resides just under the skin

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13
Q

Direct Attachment

A

Muscle fibers merge with the periosteum of the bone, forming a strong attachment

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14
Q

Indirect Attachment

A

The epimysium extends past the muscle as a tendon (a long fibrous cord). Then the tendon merges with the periosteum.

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15
Q

Aponeurosis

A

When muscle attaches to muscle. Epimysium extends past the muscle as a flat broad tendon then fuses with the cover of the other muscle. occasionally it will also attach to bone.

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16
Q

Sarcolemma

A

The plasma membrane surrounding each fiber

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17
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

The cytoplasm of the muscle cell

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18
Q

Myofibrils

A

Long protein bundles - they store glycogen (used for energy & oxygen)

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19
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber - surrounds each myofibril.
(where calcium ions are stored)

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20
Q

Myofilaments

A

The even finer fibers inside of myofibrils

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21
Q

What are the two type of myofibrils?

A

Thick and Thin

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22
Q

That are thick myofillaments made out of?

A

The protein called actin

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23
Q

Transverse Tubules

A

System of tubules that extend across the sarcoplasm.

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24
Q

Thick filaments

A

shaped like a golf club

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25
thin filaments
consists of two chains of actin. looks like string of beads. entwined with two other proteins: Tropomyosin and Troponin
26
Sarcomeres
Section between z-disks, acts as a lattice work to form units
27
Z-disc or Z-line
Serves as anchor point for thin myofilaments
28
Motor Neuron
Skeletal muscle must be stimulated by a nerve to contract, this is the neuron that do that.
29
Axons
Extensions from the cell bodies, carries the impulses to the skeletal muscles
30
Neuromuscular Junction
Connection between motor neuron and a muscle fiber
31
Actin
Causes contaction in muscle
32
Myosin
Causes contraction in muscle
33
Synaptic Cleft
The narrow space between the end of the motor nerve and muscle fiber
34
Neuro Transmitter
Chemical Messenger
35
Acetylcholinesterase
The enzyme that breaks down any remaining ACh while calcium ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
36
Muscle Tone
Continuous state of partial contraction
37
Motor Unit
38
Threshold
39
Twitch
40
Treppe
41
Incomplete tetnus
42
Complete tetnus
43
Strong Stimulus
44
Weak Stimulus
45
Recruitment
46
Isotonic Contractions
47
Isometric Contractions
48
Origin
Refers to the end of the muscle that attaches to the more stationary bone
49
Belly
Thick midsection of the muscle
50
Insertion
The end of the muscle that attaches to the more movable bone
51
Hypertrophy
When the muscle enlarges, caused by weight training.
52
Atrophy
When lack of use happens, the muscle fibers/ muscles shrink
53
Frontalis
Raises eyebrows when glancing upward or when showing surprise
54
Orbicularis Oculi
A sphincter muscle that closes the eye when blinking or squinting
55
Zygomaticus
Draws the mouth upward when laughing
56
Orbicularis Oris
Closes the mouth and purses the lips like when kissing
57
Buccinatior
Assists in smiling and blowing as well as chewing
58
Temporalis
Aids in closing the jaw
59
Masseter
Closes the jaw
60
Sternocleidomastoid
Flexes the head, rotates the head to the opposite side when only one muscle contracts
61
Trapezius
Extends the head and flexes the head to one side. Also elevates the shoulder.
62
Maximus
Largest
63
Minimus
Smallest
64
Major
Large
65
Minor
SMall
66
Longus
Longest
67
Brevis
Shortest
68
Deltoid
Triangular
69
Rhomboid
Diamond shaped
70
Serratus
Sawtoothed
71
Trapezius
Trapezoidal
72
Pectorialis
Chest
73
Brachio-
Upper Arm
74
Radialis
Radius
75
Gluteus
Butt
76
Femoris
Femur
77
Sterno-
Sternum
78
Cleido-
Clavical
79
Mastoid
Mastoid Process
80
DIgiti
Finger or toe
81
Pollicis
Thumb
82
Biceps
Two origins
83
Triceps
Three origins
84
Quadriceps
Four origins
85
Rectus
Straight
86
Transverse
Across
87
Oblique
Diagonal
88
Adductor
Adducts
89
Abductor
Abducts
90
Flexor
Flexes
91
Extensor
Extends
92
Levator
Elevates
93
External Intercostals
Lie superficially between the ribs; elevate the ribs during inspiration
94
Internal Intercostals
Lie deeper than the external intercostals; depress the ribs during forced exhalation
95
Diaphragm
Enlarges the thorax to trigger inspiration
96
Rectus Abdominis
Flexes the lumbar region of the spinal column to cause bending forward at the waist. Extends from the sternum to the pubic bone.
97
Transversus Abdominis
Compresses the contents of the abdomen
98
External Oblique
Compresses the abdominal organs. Aids forceful expiration, vomiting, and deification. Also allows flexion of the vertebral column and rotation and lateral bending of the trunk.
99
Linea Alba
The white line Where the muscles of the abdominal wall meet in the midline. Is a tough band of connective tissue
100
Transversus Abdominal
Compresses the contents of the abdomen
101
Internal Oblique
Stabilizes the spine and maintains posture, just like the external oblique muscles; also permits rotation of the waist
102
Deltoid
Abducts, flexes, and rotates the arm. involved in swinging the arm (walking or bowling) also raises the arm to perform tasks such as writing on an elevated surface
103
Pectoral Major
Flexes and adducts the upper arm, such as climbing and hugging
104
Serratus Anterior
Drives all forward reaching and pushing movements. pulls the shoulder down and forward.
105
Trapezius
Raises and lowers the shoulders; stabilizes the scapula during arm movements
106
Latissimus dorsi
adducts the humerus; extends the upper arm backward. serves to pull body upward when grasping an object overhead such as when climbing
107
Rotator Cuff
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis (SITS muscles)
108
Brachialis
The prime mover when flexing the forearm
109
Biceps Brachii
Assists the brachialis when flexing the forearm, also flexes the elbox and supinates the forearm (like opening a bottle with a corkscrew)
110
Triceps Brachii
The prime mover when extending the forearm
111
Brachioradialis
Helps the brachialis and the biceps brachii flex the forearm
112
Pronator muscles
allow the arm to pronate (palm down)
113
Supinator Muscle
Lies deep in the forearm near the elbow and joins forces with biceps brachii to allow supination (palms up)
114
Flexors
Muscles that flex the wrist
115
Extensors
Act to extend the wrist
116
Iliopsoas
Flexes the thigh. This refers to a combinations of the following muscles Illiacus and Psoas Major
117
Sartorius
Longest muscle in the body. Aids in flexion of the hip and knee (sitting) and abducts and laterally rotates the thigh (sitting cross legged)
118
Adductor Muscles
Rotate and draw the thigh toward the body. The group consists of: Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Gracilis
119
Quadriceps Femoris
Most powerful muscle in the body, prime mover for knee extension. The 4 muscles are: Vastus intermedius Rectus Femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis
120
Gluteus Medius
Abducts and rotates the thigh outward
121
Gluteus Maximus
The bulkiest muscle in the body, produces backswing of the leg when walking and power to climb stairs
122
Gluteus Minimus
This muscle lies beneath the other two gluteal muscles, assists medius in abducting the thigh when extended, aids both internally and externally rotating the thigh.
123
Hamstrings
Group of muscles consisting of three muscles which work to extend the thigh at the hip, flex the knee and rotate the leg. Biceps Femoris Semitendionsus Semimembranosus
124
Calf Muscle
Made up of two muscles: Gastrocnemius and Soleus Contraction of these muscles causes plantar flexion of the foot
125
Calcaneal Tendon
Achilles Tendon The common tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus. It inserts on the calcaneus (heel bone) largest tendon
126
Synergists
Help with movement of a bone
127
Antagonists
Work against movement/each other
128
Prime Mover
The main muscle triggering a movement
129
Fusiform
130
What is the longest muscle in the body?
Sartorius Muscle
131
What is the most powerful muscle in the body?
The quadriceps femoris
132

Anatomy + Physiology 1 (9 decks)

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