Chapter Three

Question 1

Plasma Membrane

Answer 1

The boundary of the cell

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

The center of the cell

Includes:
Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear Pores
Nucleolus

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

Gel-like substance surrounding the nucleus and packed with various organelles and molecules which each serve a specific function

Question 4

Plasma Membrane

Answer 4

Surrounds the cell
-Regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell

Question 5

Selective Permeability

Answer 5

Some substances, like lipid-soluble molecules, pass through easily, whereas others do not.

Question 6

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 6

Double layered membrane surrounding the nucleus

Question 7

Nuclear Pores

Answer 7

Regulate the passage of molecules into the nucleus, as well as out of the nucleus

Question 8

Chromatin

Answer 8

Thread like structures composed of DNA and protein

Question 9

Chromosomes

Answer 9

When chromatin coils tightly into short rod like structures

Question 10

Nucleolus

Answer 10

The center of the nucleus

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

Cell’s protein production structures

Question 12

How many feet of DNA is in a human body?

Answer 12

More than 6ft or 2m

Question 13

Cytoplasm

Answer 13

Gel like substance that fills the space between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Question 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 14

Network of membranous canals and curving sacs

Rough has ribosomes
Smooth does not

Question 15

Passive Transport

Answer 15

Doesn’t require the cells to expend energy to transport (diffusion, osmosis, filtration, facilitated diffusion)

Question 16

Diffusion

Answer 16

The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 17

Equilibrium

Answer 17

The point at which no further diffusion occurs

Question 18

Concentration Gradient

Answer 18

A difference in concentration of a substance from one point to another

Question 19

Osmosis

Answer 19

The diffusion of water down the concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 20

Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 20

As the volume of water on side B increases, it exerts more and more pressure against the membrane

Question 21

Osmotic Pressure

Answer 21

Water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis

Question 22

Tonicity

Answer 22

The ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume and pressure in a cell through osmosis

Question 23

Isotonic

Answer 23

The concentration of solutes is the same as it is in the cell

Question 24

Hypertonic

Answer 24

The solution contains a higher concentration of solutes compares with the fluid within the cell

Question 25

Hypotonic

Answer 25

The solution contains a lower concentration of solutes compared to the fluid within the cell

Question 26

Filtration

Answer 26

Water and dissolved particles are forced across a membrane from an area of higher to lower hydrostatic pressure

Question 27

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 27

Other molecules help (or facilitate) the movement across a membrane. The molecules move down the concentration gradient, from higher to lower concentration.

Question 28

Active Transport

Answer 28

Solutes move up the concentration gradient, from areas of lesser to greater concentration

Question 29

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Answer 29

(Most Important Example) This crucial pump regulates the volume of fluid within the cells, provides the electrical potential necessary for nervous system activity, and helps in heat production

Question 30

Lyses

Answer 30

Swelling and bursting

Question 31

Endocytosis

Answer 31

Form of vesicular transport that brings substances INTO the cell

Question 32

Phagocytosis

Answer 32

(cell eating) Occurs when the cell engulfs a solid particle and brings it into the cell

Question 33

Pinocytosis

Answer 33

(cell drinking) Occurs when tiny vacuoles bring droplets of extracellular fluid containing dissolved substances into the cell

Question 34

Exocytosis

Answer 34

Uses vesicles to release substances OUTSIDE of the cell