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Anatomy + Physiology 1 > Chapter Six > Flashcards

Chapter Six Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Epidermis

A

The outermost layer of the skin, consists of stratified squamous epithelial tissue

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2
Q

Dermis

A

The inner, deeper layer of the skin. Made of connective tissue. Contains primarily collagen fibers, but also has elastin fibers, and reticular fibers.

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3
Q

Papillae

A

Finger-like projections extend upward from the dermis.

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4
Q

Hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous tissue made of loose connective (areolar) tissue and adipose tissue.

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5
Q

Stratum Basale

A

basal layer
The innermost layer, consists of a layer of columnar stem cells

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6
Q

Stratum Germinativum

A

Other name for Stratum Basale

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7
Q

Keratin

A

Tough Fibrous protein

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8
Q

Stratum Corneum

A

Outermost layer
What is left of the dead cells is their keratin, which come and replace the dead cells that flake away with daily wear

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9
Q

Keratinocytes

A

newly flattened dead cells arriving from the inner laters of the epidermis

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10
Q

Langerhans Cells

A

Phagocytic Cells “pacman cells”

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11
Q

Merkel Cells

A

Sensory Receptors in the dermis

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12
Q

SQ

A

Subcutaneous Injection 45 degree insertion

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13
Q

ID

A

Intradermal Injection 15 degree insertion

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14
Q

Melanocytes

A

Cells that are scattered through the basal layer of the epidermis and produce a substance called melanin that accumulates in the cells of the epidermis

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15
Q

Melanin

A

Forms a cap over the top of the cells nucleus to protect it from harmful UV rays

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16
Q

What are the two types of Melanin?

A

Pheomelanin and Eumelanin

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17
Q

Pheomelanin

A

Reddish melanin

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18
Q

Eumelanin

A

Brown-Black melanin

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19
Q

Cyanosis

A

Skin Tone: Blue Tint
Cause: Deficiency of oxygen in circulating blood

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20
Q

Jaundice

A

Skin Tone: Yellow discoloration of skin and whites of eyes
Cause: Impaired liver function (ie. hepatitis or liver disease) that allows bile to accumulate which stains the skin

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21
Q

Bronzing

A

Skin Tone: Golden Brown skin color
Cause: Deficiency of hormones from the adrenal gland, such as occurs with Addison disease

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22
Q

Albinism

A

Skin Tone: Extremely pale skin, white hair, pink eyes
Cause: A genetic lack of melanin

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23
Q

Erythema

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A

Skin Tone: Abnormal redness
Cause: Increased blood flow in dilated blood vessels close to the skins surface

24
Q

Pallor

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A

Skin Tone: Pale Skin
Cause: Decreased blood flow

25
Bruise (hematoma)
Skin Tone: Bluish, black, or yellow mark on skin Cause: The breakdown of clotted blood under the skin
26
Functions of the skin:
Protection Barrier Vitamin D production Sensory Perception Thermoregulation
27
Encapsulated Nerve Endings
Pick up touch and pressure
28
Free Nerve Endings
Pick up heat, cold, pain, itch
29
Shaft
Part of the hair that extends above the skin's surface
30
Hair Follicle
A sheath of epidermis that have rich nerve and blood supply
31
Bulb/Root
Lowest part of the hair, where the growth occurs
32
Papilla
Cluster of connective tissue and blood vessels that nourish each hair
33
Arrector Pili
Small bundle of smooth muscle, responsible for "making your hair stand on end"
34
Alopecia
Excessive hair loss
35
Male Pattern Baldness
Happens when a person has inherited a specific gene AND have high levels of testosterone which is why it typically occurs in men
36
Cuticle
A fold of skin that surrounds the nail body
37
Nail Body
Visible part of the nail
38
Lunula
Crescent-shaped white area at the base of the nail
39
Nail Bed
Layer of epithelium under the nail, appears pink because of rich blood supply in the area
40
Nail Root
Proximal end of the nail, hidden under overlying tissue
41
What are the two types of sweat glands?
Eccrine Gland and Apocrine Gland
42
Sebaceous Gland
Open into a hair follicle, secretes an oily substance called sebum to help keep the skin and hair from drying out and becoming brittle
43
Apocrine Gland
Contains a duct that leads to hair follicle Located mainly in the axillary and anogenital regions Are scent glands that respond to stress/sexual stimulation Begin to function at puberty Sweat produced here does not have strong over unless it collects on skin
44
Eccrine Gland
Contains duct that leads to skin surface Widespread throughout the body but abundant on palms, forehead, and upper torso Produce transparent watery fluid called sweat which contains potassium, ammonia, lactic acid, uric acid, and other waste Sweat plays large role in helping body maintain a constant core temp
45
Ceruminous Glands
Glands that exist in the external ear canal. Produce a waxy substance called Cerumen
46
Cerumen
Ear Wax
47
How many classifications of burns are there?
Three
48
First Degree Burns
- Involves only the epidermis - Causes redness, slight swelling, and pain - Often results from sunlight
49
Second Degree Burns
- Involves the epidermis as well as part of dermis - results in blisters, severe pain, swelling - may result with scarring - may appear red, white, or tan
50
Third Degree Burns
- extends through the epidermis and dermis and into the subcutaneous layer - may not be painful initially because of the destruction of nerve endings - may appear white or black and leathery - often requires skin grafts
51
What is the most common form of cancer?
Skin Cancer
52
How many types of skin cancer are there?
Three
53
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Most Common Type - Seldom metastasizes so its the least dangerous - Arises from cells of the stratum basale, typically on the nose or face -Lesion first appears as a small shiny bump, then it develops a central depression and a beaded pearly edge - Risk factors include UV light exposure, having light colored skin, advanced age, and a suppressed immune system
54
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Arises in the epidermis and is slow growing - Often occurs on scalp, forehead, backs of hands, tops of ears - Has raised red scaly appearance - Some forms may metastasize - Risk factors include UV light exposure, having light colored skin, advanced age, and suppressed immune system
55
Malignant Melanoma
- Most deadly of all skin cancers - Develops from melanocytes, sometimes from those in a preexisting mole - Metastasizes quickly, often fatal when not treated early - Risk is greatest in individuals who had severe sunburns as children
56

Anatomy + Physiology 1 (9 decks)

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