Ch. 10

Question 1

what is equilibrium?

Answer 1

when the forward reaction equals the backwards reaction but only in a CLOSED system

Question 2

what is the equilibrium constant?

Answer 2

Keq: concentration of products/reactants at equilibrium

Question 3

what are four things to note about the equilibrium constant?

Answer 3

1. the coefficient of each species becomes an exponent
2. solid and pure liquids are NOT included
3. aqueous solutions are included
4. if rxn is gaseous, partial pressures are used for concentrations

Question 4

what does Keq < 1 mean?

Answer 4

Keq < 1 favors reactants (more reactants are present)

Question 5

what does Keq > 1 mean?

Answer 5

Keq > 1 favors products (more products are present)

Question 6

what is the reaction quotient?

Answer 6

conc of products/reactants NOT @ equilibrium

Question 7

what does Q < Keq mean?

Answer 7

favors products (too much reactants)

Question 8

what does Q > Keq mean?

Answer 8

favors reactants (too much products)

Question 9

what is le Chateliers principle?

Answer 9

a system at equilibrium will neutralize any change to go back to equilibrium

Question 10

according to le chateliers, when you add more reactant, what is favored?

Answer 10

products

Question 11

according to le chateliers, when you add more products, what is favored?

Answer 11

reactants

Question 12

according to le chateliers, high pressure and low volume favors what side?

Answer 12

side with less moles (ONLY TRUE FOR GASES)

Question 13

according to le chateliers, low pressure and high volume favors what side?

Answer 13

side with more moles (ONLY TRUE FOR GASES)

Question 14

according to le chateliers, adding an inert gas, what occurs to the rxn? a catalyst?

Answer 14

no effect

Question 15

according to le chateliers, having an endothermic or exothermic does what to the reaction?

Answer 15

an exothermic rxn: heat acts as a product (exo)
an endothermic rxn: heat acts as a reactant (endo)

Question 16

when does a solution form?

Answer 16

when a substance dissolves and creates a homogenous solution (dissolution)

Question 17

what is solute?

Answer 17

sugar in tea, less amount

Question 18

what is solvent?

Answer 18

tea AKA solvation or hydration if solvent is water

Question 19

if solvent is water, the solution is

Answer 19

aqueous

Question 20

electrolytes are

Answer 20

free ions that have dissociate in solution

Question 21

strong electrolyte? weak electrolyte? nonelectrolyte?

Answer 21

strong: dissolves completely
weak: dissolves completely
nonelectrolyte: no dissociation and bonded covalently NOT ionicly

Question 22

a concentrated solution has

Answer 22

increased solute

Question 23

a dilute solution has

Answer 23

decreased solute

Question 24

a saturated solution has

Answer 24

no more solute will dissolve, at eq

Question 25

reversed dissolution is called

Answer 25

precipitation

Question 26

what is solubility?

Answer 26

amount of solute that will saturate a solvent

Question 27

what are the three phase solubility rules?

Answer 27

1. solubility of solids in liquids increase with increased temp 2. solubility of gases in liquids decrease with increased temp 3. solubility of gases in liquids increase with increased pressure

Question 28

what are the three salt solubility rules?

Answer 28

1. all group 1 and ammonium salts are soluble 2. all nitrate (NH3), perchlorate (ClO4^-), and acetate (CH₃COO) salts are soluble 3. all silver, lead, and mercury salts are insoluble EXCEPT when they are bonded with nitrate, perchlorate, and acetate.

Question 29

what is solubility constant? ion product?

Answer 29

solubility constant: to which something will dissolve at eq (product/reactant) BUT SOLID NOR LIQUIDS ARE INCLUDED ion product: reaction quotient for solubility

Question 30

Qsp < Ksp

Answer 30

more salt can dissolved

Question 31

Qsp > Ksp

Answer 31

excess salt will precipitate

Question 32

what is the common ion effect

Answer 32

addition of another salt (common ion) will cause the backward reaction to be favored, theres more "product" present

Question 33

adding ligands (lewis bases) will have what effect on solubility?

Answer 33

increased solubility

Question 34

standard delta G < 0 is

Answer 34

spon favors products Keq > 1

Question 35

standard delta G > 0 is

Answer 35

nonspon favors reactants Keq < 1

Question 36

low solubility is equal to

Answer 36

smallest Ksp value