Ch. 12

Question 1

what is oxidation state/number? what do you call a rxn that changes OS?

Answer 1

OS shows how many electrons it is donating or accepting in the overall bonding. a rxn that goes through this is called a oxidation-reduction (redox) rxn

Question 2

what is oxidation? reduction?

Answer 2

oxidation: gain of O, loss of electrons, loss of hydrogens
reduction: loss of O, gain of electrons, gain of hydrogens

Question 3

atom that is oxidized is called?

Answer 3

reducing agent/reductant

Question 4

atom that is reduced is called?

Answer 4

oxidizing agen/oxidant

Question 5

the flow of electrons means that

Answer 5

an electric current that can do work

Question 6

redox rxns can make an electrical current through what cell

Answer 6

galvanic (voltaic) cell

Question 7

what occurs in a galvanic (voltaic) cell

Answer 7

theres two electrodes (anode and cathode) with a wire that measures EC connecting both electrode and a salt bridge as well

Question 8

what electrode gets oxidized and reduced? in what direction does electrons travel to in galvanic cell

Answer 8

anode always gets oxidized and cathode always gets reduced. in a galvanic cell, electrons travel to cathode

Question 9

a redox reaction will be spon if cell voltage is

Answer 9

(+)

Question 10

what is reduction potential

Answer 10

its a value you can calculate cell voltage by adding the two half rxns

Question 11

what does - reduction potential

Answer 11

the more (-) the RP, the weaker the reactant is as oxidizing agent and stronger the product is as a reducing agent

Question 12

what does + reduction potential

Answer 12

the more (+) the RP, the stronger the reactant is as oxidizing agent and weaker the product is as a reducing agent

Question 13

what is a electrolytic cell

Answer 13

uses an external voltage source like a battery to create an electric current that forces a nonspon rxn to occur this is electrolysis

Question 14

what are the charges of the electrodes in a electrolytic cell

Answer 14

anode is + and cathode is - since electrons are moving where they dont want to go because nonspon

Question 15

similarities between electrolytic cell and galvanic cell

Answer 15

1. reduction at cathode
2. oxidation at anion
3. anions migrate to anode
4. cations migrant to cathode

Question 16

differences between electrolytic cell and galvanic cell (electrolytic cell only) describes galvanic

Answer 16

electrolytic: 1. spon rxn generates EC
2. total energy is (+)
3. anode is -
4. cathode is +

Question 17

differences between electrolytic cell and galvanic cell (galvanic cell only)describe electrolytic

Answer 17

1. nonspon needs external source
2. total e is (-)
3. anode is +
4. cathode is -

Question 18

what is faradays law of electrolysis

Answer 18

the amount of chemical changes is proportional to the amount of electricity that flows through the cell

Question 19

a charge separation where anode becomes (+) and cathode becomes (-), what does this resemble?

Answer 19

capacitor

Question 20

what is a cell diagram

Answer 20

shows the anode[anodic solution] cathodic solution] cathode

Question 21

more negative E means?

Answer 21

product is strong reducer while reactant is weak oxidizer

Question 22

more positive E means?

Answer 22

product is weak reducing agents while reactant is strong oxidizer

Question 23

what does Nernst eq show?

Answer 23

shows how changes in temp and conc of reactants can alter the voltage of a rxn NOT in standard conditions

Question 24

what is a concentration cell?

Answer 24

galvanic cells with identical electrodes in solutions of diff ion conc, they ract until the solutions become the same ion conc

Question 25

what is a rechargeable battery

Answer 25

uses oxidation states of Pb and sulfuric acid as electrolyte

Question 26

what is faradays law of electrolysis

Answer 26

amount of chemical change is proportional to amount of electricity that flows through cell

Question 27

low ionization energy means

Answer 27

better reducing agent

Question 28

a strong oxidizing agent will have a high

Answer 28

oxidation state because it can be reduced all the time

Question 29

electrons will always flow from

Answer 29

anode to cathode

Question 30

if you have a galvanic cell with two half reactions and one is negative what do you need to do?

Answer 30

reverse equation to have positive reduction potential to then make the accurate redox eq