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mcat chem textbook > Ch. 11 > Flashcards

Ch. 11 Flashcards

1
Q

what are BL acids? BL bases?

A

bases: proton acceptors
acids: proton donors

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2
Q

what are L acids? L bases?

A

bases: electron donors
acids: electron acceptors

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3
Q

what are conjugate acids/bases

A

new species that develop when they accept an e- or H+

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4
Q

dissociation of acids or bases can be found

A

Ka= (H) (A)/ (HA) where HA+H2O=H+A same for Kb= (HB) (OH)/ B) where B+H2O=OH+ HB

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5
Q

what are the strong acids

A

HI, HBr, HCl, HClO4 (perchloric acid) H2SO4 (Sulfuric acid), and HNO3 (nitric acid)

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6
Q

what are strong bases

A

Group one hydroxides: NaOH
Group one oxides: Li2O
some group 2 hydroxides: BaOH2 SrOH2
and some metal amide (NaNH2)

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7
Q

the conjugate base/acid of strong acid/base has what properties in water?

A

no basic or acidic properties because they do not interact with water

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8
Q

what are amphoteric substance? what are polyprotic substances?

A

amphoteric: compounds that can act both as base or acid like water
polyprotic: can donate more than 1 proton to donate

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9
Q

pH measures what, what formulas you need

A

measure H+ conc where ph=-log(h) and 10^-ph

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10
Q

pOH measures what, what formulas you need

A

measures OH conc where pOH=-log(oh) and 10^pOH

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11
Q

what is a salt?

A

an ionic compound with an anion and cation

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12
Q

what is a buffer

A

solution that resists changing pH when a little bit of acid or base is added

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13
Q

what is an indicator

A

a weak acid that undergoes a color change when its converted to its conjugate base

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14
Q

what is an acid base titration

A

it helps you determine an unknown weak acid/base by determining its pKa/Kb

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15
Q

the known acid/base in titration is called? what titrant do you use for an unknown acid

A

titrant. you add a base for unknown acid and vise versa

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16
Q

what is buffer domain/ region

A

area where pH changes gradually

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17
Q

what is the equivalence point

A

area with drastic ph increase,where moles of added strong acid/base is equal tp moles of unk base/acid at beginning

18
Q

for a weak acid (strong base) where is equivalence point

A

ph>7

19
Q

for a weak base (strong acid ) where is equivalence point

A

ph<7

20
Q

for a strong acid (strong base) and vice versa where is equivalence point

A

ph=7

21
Q

what is half equivalence point? what is important to note in this area

A

the half equivalence point is where 1/2 was added and only 1/2 was converted/ pKa of unknown substance is equal to pH at this point (straight line up on graph)

22
Q

for pH calculations, how do you solve for a strong acid/base? weak acid/base?

A

strong acid/base will have H+ conc= acid conc ex. H+= 0.01 M gives pH= 2 when you use -log of H+
weak acid/base: you need to fill table out with initial conc and use formula

23
Q

what does Ka or Kb need to be for x to be negligible in a pH calculation

A

less than 10^-4

24
Q

what is a neutralizing rxn?

A

when an acid and base combine and creates a salt and water

25
Q

in a neutralizing rxn, what do strong acids/bases to do pH? weak acids/bases?

A

strong acids with strong bases will produce a neutral pH.
weak bases with weak acids will NOT produce a solution with a neutral pH

26
Q

what is important to note about ALL neutralizing rxns?

A

they will all go to completion

27
Q

what cation do NOT interact with water

A

group 1 ions and large group 2 ions

28
Q

what cations DO interact with water

A

metals in black D like Cr, Cu, etc because they are strong acids

29
Q

what anions do NOT interact with water

A

conjugate base of a strong acid because its weak

30
Q

what anions DO interact with water

A

strong conj base than H2O of weak acids

31
Q

an ideal buffer has

A

pH=pKa

32
Q

with an indicator, if you have H+> Ka, what color do we see?

A

color #1 because it favors reverse rxn

33
Q

with an indicator, if you have H+< Ka, what color do we see?

A

color #2 because it favors forward rxn

34
Q

with an indicator, if you have H+= Ka, what color do we see?

A

mixing of both colors

35
Q

what is a half equivalence point

A

where strong acid/base neutralized all unk base/acid and Ph=pKa

36
Q

at the beginning of a titration where there isnt much pH change, what is this called

A

buffering region

36
Q

what is equivalence point

A

moles of added strong acid/base is equal to moles of unk base or acid at the beginning

37
Q

what is equation that we use when we want to know how much of something we need to neutralize or titrate?

A

a * [A] * Va= b *[B] * Vb where V is volume, a is one, and [A/B] moles of substance

38
Q

Ka and Kb have what kind of relationship?

A

inverse

39
Q

when you hyperventilate, what occurs to bicarb ions

A

decrease

40
Q

what is the only thing that will affect Kw

A

temp

mcat chem textbook (10 decks)

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