Ch. 5

Question 1

what are lewis dot structures for? what does a line here mean? the electrons not paired are called

Answer 1

these are to show the VE of an element, the lines are a bond between two electrons. lone pairs not bonded electrons

Question 2

what is formal charge? include equation

Answer 2

tells us if the atoms are sharing their VE’s in best way possible, this will happen if FC is equal to 0 or smallest amount possible. FC= VE-1/2B(bonded electron)-L (lone pairs)

Question 3

when does resonance occur

Answer 3

when nonbonding electrons, double, and triple bonds move around

Question 4

what does short bond length mean? long?

Answer 4

short: strong nuclei force long: weak nuclei force

Question 5

what is homolytic bond cleavage? hetero?

Answer 5

homo: bond breaks evenly and electrons are divided equally
hetero: electrons are not divided equally in bond break

Question 6

what are covalent bonds? what are ionic bonds?

Answer 6

VE’s are shared in covalent. ionic electrons are not shared

Question 7

what is VSEPR theory

Answer 7

shapes of molecules are predicted by the total number of electron groups on the central atom determines the bond angle and geometry

Question 8

what is hybridization for two electron groups, angle, and geometry

Answer 8

sp 180 and linear

Question 9

what is hybridization for 3 electron groups, angle, and geometry

Answer 9

sp^2 120 trigonal planar

Question 10

what is hybridization for 4 electron groups, angle, and geometry

Answer 10

sp^3 109.5 bent/tetrahedral/triagonal pyramid

Question 11

what are sigma bonds

Answer 11

formed end to end like horizonal lines (bonds)

Question 12

what are pi bonds

Answer 12

two electrons localization on opposite side (lone pairs)

Question 13

what are intermolecular forces? and what the four forces

Answer 13

relatively weak interactions that takes place between neutral molecules. dipole-dipole, london dispersion (temp), van der waals and hydrogen bonding

Question 14

what is VP, what does increased VP mean

Answer 14

vapor pressure: the pressure exerted by gaseous phase of a liquid that evaporated from exposed surface. increased VP means weak IMF

Question 15

resonance structures are two or more structures where

Answer 15

only nonbonding electrons and double and triple bonds may move around.

Question 16

how can an anion not be able to be a lewis base?

Answer 16

if it doesnt have any non bonded electrons

Question 17

what is important to note about lewis bases?

Answer 17

they are electron donors and ligands

Question 18

important to note about ionic bonds?

Answer 18

metal and non metal, big difference in EN

Question 19

in any multiple bond, there is how many sigma bonds and pi bonds?

Answer 19

double: one sigma and one pi, triple: one sigma and two pi, there is only one sigma bonds and the rest are pi bondscc

Question 20

how do you know if a molecule has the strongest dipole moment?

Answer 20

dipole moment involves a bond that differs in electronegativity and it is asymmetrical. PBr3O has more of a dipole moment than PF5 because PF5 has the same substituents.

Question 21

coordinate covalent bond vs covalent bond

Answer 21

Covalent bonds are formed when two nonmetal atoms share a pair of electrons. Coordinate covalent bonds are formed when the bonding pair of electrons is donated by just one of the bonding atoms like in an acid base rxn.

Question 22

If a molecule has 3 bonds and 1 lone pair

Answer 22

triangular pyramid (109.5)

Question 23

molecule has 4 bonds and 0 lone pairs

Answer 23

tetrahedral (109.5)

Question 24

molecule has 2 bonds and 1 lone pair

Answer 24

bent (120)

Question 25

molecule has 2 bonds and 2 lone pairs

Answer 25

bent (109.5)

Question 26

a BL acid is used for what in reactions

Answer 26

it is used to oxidize things because the acid will reduce itself and collect Hydrogens