Ch. 8

Question 1

based on the kinetic-molecular theory states what four things about gases? a gas with these characteristics is called what?

Answer 1

1. space between molecules is so small, it has no volume
2. molecules in constant motion and collision of molecules against container walls is pressure of gas
3. molecules experience no intermolecular forces
4. Avg KE is proportional to absolute temp
   A GAS WITH THESE THINGS IS AN IDEAL GAS

Question 2

what is formula to find K from C

Answer 2

K=C+273.15

Question 3

pressure can use what units

Answer 3

1 atm=760 torr=760mmHg

Question 4

what is standard temp and pressure

Answer 4

its NOT STANDARD CONDITIONS
temp is 0C, pressure is 1 ATM, and 1 mol of gas is 22.4 L

Question 5

what is charles law

Answer 5

if pressure is constant than volume is proportional to temp, gas will expand when heated and vice versa

Question 6

what is boyles law

Answer 6

if temp is constant than pressure is inversely proportional to volume. increase volume causes more space to move therefore decreasing pressure

Question 7

if volume is constant than what is pressures relationship with temp

Answer 7

pressure is proportional to temp

Question 8

what are some deviations from ideal gas behavior

Answer 8

1. pressure of real gases is smaller than if gas was ideal (because more interactions b/w molecules not walls)
2. volume of real gas is smaller than if gas was ideal (because volume occupied by gas is no longer negligible)

Question 9

what conditions of pressure and temp causes ideal deviations

Answer 9

high pressure and low temp

Question 10

what is total pressure

Answer 10

this is due to the collisions of all types of molecules within containers

Question 11

what is partial pressure

Answer 11

the pressure exerted by one type of gas in the overall pressure of all gases within a container

Question 12

what is daltons law of partial pressures

Answer 12

total pressure is sum of partial pressures of all constituent gases

Question 13

what is effusion

Answer 13

escape of a gas molecule through a hole into an evacuated region

Question 14

what is rate of effusion based on

Answer 14

based on weight of molecule since heavier molecules take longer to move

Question 15

what is gas constant

Answer 15

0.083 L-atm/K-mol

Question 16

a barometer with a liquid less dense than mercury would have the same, more, or less reading compared to a barometer with mercury

Answer 16

it would have a higher reading because the liquid would need to reach higher in the column for it to be equal at the pressure of the atmosphere

Question 17

with constant n and p, what is ideal gas formula?

Answer 17

v1/t1=v2/t2

Question 18

with constant n and t, what is ideal gas formula?

Answer 18

p1v1=p2v2

Question 19

with constant n and v, what is ideal gas formula?

Answer 19

p1/t1=p2/t2

Question 20

what is combined gas law? what value needs to stay constant

Answer 20

n needs to be constant for the formula to be p1v1/t1=p2v2/t2

Question 21

what is avogadros law

Answer 21

if equal volume containers have same pressure and temp, then they contain same number of particles

Question 22

what is avogadros formula

Answer 22

V1/n1=v2/n2

Question 23

what is standard molar value? what conditions must be met before you use this?

Answer 23

SMV is 22.4 L and temp must be 273 and pressure 1 atm

Question 24

how can you tell if a gas will deviate from ideal gas behavior

Answer 24

any gas that interacts with other molecules, increased IMF, will deviate because ideal gases have zero IMF

Question 25

how can you tell if a gas will more likely act as an ideal gas

Answer 25

if its small, most likely not polyatomic, zero to weak IMF

Question 26

what conditions cause ideal gases to deviate?

Answer 26

high pressure and low temp

Question 27

what conditions causes ideal gas law to give similar results as to real gas?

Answer 27

high temp and low pressure because these conditions allow molecules not to get close to each other

Question 28

gas in the same container may have different speeds but they will always have the same

Answer 28

temperature or kinetic energy

Question 29

molecule 1 is .6 grams and molecule 2 is .2 grams, which molecule will still be in a container with a small hole in it

Answer 29

molecule 1 because it weighs more having a slower effusion

Question 30

what is grahams law of effusion?

Answer 30

square root of molar mass of gas b divided by molar mass of gas A, first molecule always at bottom

Question 31

how would you calculate molar ratio

Answer 31

1. balance equation, 2. you divide moles of specific compound by total moles on its specific side (reactants or products)

Question 32

partial pressure is proportional to

Answer 32

total number of moles of a gas