Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NEURO 3000 > ch. 10 - central visual system > Flashcards

ch. 10 - central visual system Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

conscious visual perception pathway

A

retina to lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of thalamus to primary visual cortex (area 17, V1, striate cortex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

retinofugal projection is made up of…. (in order)

A
  • optic nerve
  • optic chiasm
  • optic tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

optic nerves

A
  • travel through fatty tissue behind the eyes and pass through holes in the floor of the skull
  • form optic chiasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

optic chiasm

A
  • anterior to pituitary

- axons from nasal retina cross here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

decussation

A

the crossing of a fiber bundle from one side of the brain to the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

optic tracts

A

run under pia mater along lateral diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

left visual field

A

objects appearing to the left of the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

right visual field

A

objects appearing to the right of the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

binocular visual field

A

the central portion of both visual hemifields, viewed by BOTH retinas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where is the left visual hemifield in each eye?

A

RIGHT: temporal side
LEFT: nasal side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which hemisphere views information from the left visual hemifield?

A

right hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which hemisphere views information from the right visual hemifield?

A

left hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

optic tract is most connected to…

A

LGN of dorsal thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

optic tract projects to the primary visual cortex via…

A

optic radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T or F: lesions ANYWHERE in the retinofugal projection from eye to LGN to visual cortex cause blindness in humans

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

damage to the left optic nerve causes…

A

blindness in entire left eye only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

damage to the left optic tract causes…

A

blindness in the right visual field in both eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

optic tract connecting to pretectum

A

controls the size of the pupil and certain types of eye movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

optic tract connecting to hypothalamus

A

synchronize sleep and wakefulness with light-dark cycle and other biological rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

10% connect to superior colliculus

A

orient eyes in response to new stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

another name for super colliculus

A

optic tectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which of the 6 layers of LGN is the more ventral?

A

layer 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

LGN neurons receive synaptic input from..

A

retinal ganglion cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the left visual field is viewed by…

A

left nasal and right temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
right LGN, right eye (ipsilateral) axons synapse on...
LGN layers 2, 3, 5
26
right LGN, left eye (contralateral) axons synapse on...
LGN layers 1, 4, 6
27
LGN layers 1 and 2
larger, called magnocellular (M cells)
28
LGN layers 3-6
smaller, called parvocellular (P cells)
29
koniocellular layers
small layer inbetween, receive input from nonM-nonP cells
30
major input to LGN comes from
primary visual cortex
31
retinotopy
an organization whereby neighboring cells in the retina feed information to neighboring places in their target structures
32
spiny stellate cells
small neurons with spine-covered dendrites that radiate out from the cell body - in layers IVc - axons make local connections - golgi type II
33
pyramidal cells
covered with spines, characterized by a single thick apical dendrite that branches as it ascends toward the pia mater and by multiple basal dendrites that extend horizontally
34
inhibitory neurons
lack spines and are found in all layers | - form ONLYA local connections
35
which type of cells send axons out of striate cortex to form connections with other parts of the brain?
ONLY pyramidal
36
M cells project to
IVc alpha
37
P cells project to
IVc beta
38
koniocellular project to
layers II and III
39
ocular dominance columns
left and right eye inputs in stripes
40
layer IVc neurons project radially to
layers IVb and III, where left and right eye inputs mix
41
IVc alpha projects to
IVb
42
IVc beta projects to
layer III
43
in which layers can an axon form synapses with pyramidal cell dendrites from all layers?
III and IVb
44
layer III blobs receive input from
LGN directly
45
cytochrome oxidase
mitochondrial enzyme used for cell metabolism
46
Hubel and Wiesel
receptive fields in layer Ivc are similar to M cell and P cell LGN inputs
47
which layer is insensitive to wavelength?
IVc alpha
48
which layer has center-surround color opponency?
IVc beta
49
orientation selectivity
most of the receptive fields in the retina, LGN, and layer Ivc are circular and respond best to spot of light matched in size to receptive field center
50
V1 responds best to
elongated bar of light moving across their receptive fields
51
orientation-selective neurons are thought to be specialized for...
analysis of object shape
52
radial column of cells through which layers have the same preferred orientation?
II through VI
53
direction selectivity
respond when a bar of light at the optimal orientation moves perpendicular to the orientation in one direction but not in the opposite
54
sensitivity to the direction of stimulus motion is a hallmark of neurons receiving input from...
magnocellular layers of LGN
55
direction-selective neurons are thought to be specialized for...
analysis of object motion
56
simple cells
V1 neurons receiving a converging input from three or more LGN cells with receptor fields that are aligned along one axis
57
properties of simple and complex cells
- binocular - sensitive to stimulus orientation - direction selective - relatively insensitive to wavelength
58
complex cells
- do NOT have distinct on and off regions | - may receive input from several simple cells
59
magnocellular pathway
- type of parallel pathway - project to IVC alpha, which then projects to IVb - analysis of object motion and guidance of motor actions
60
parvo-interblob pathway
- type of parallel pathway - project to IVC beta, which then project to layer II and III - analysis of fine object shape
61
blob pathway
- type of parallel pathway - nonM-nonP to koniocellular layers II and III - color, monocular, no orientation selectivity - analysis of object colors
62
dorsal stream
- visual control of action and motion analysis | - extension of V1 magnocellular pathway
63
ventral stream
- perception and object recognition | - extension of V1 parvo-interblob and blob pathways
64
MT or V5
- dorsal stream - all cells are direction selective - important role in motion perception
65
MST
- linear motion - radial motion - circular motion
66
dorsal stream uses information for...
- navigation - directing eye movements - motion perception
67
V4
- ventral stream - orientation and color selective - important for shape and color perception
68
area IT
- ventral stream - colors and abstract shapes - some respond to faces - important for visual perception and memory
69
achromatopsia
characterized by a parietal or complete loss of color vision despite the presence of normal functional cones in the retina
70
prosopagnosia
difficulty recognizing faces even though vision is otherwise normal
71
visual perception
the task of identifying and assigning meaning to objects in space

NEURO 3000 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions