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NEURO 3000 > nervous system structure > Flashcards

nervous system structure Flashcards

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1
Q

is the cerebrum contralateral or ipsilateral?

A

CONTRALATERAL

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2
Q

is the cerebellum contralateral or ipsilateral?

A

ipsilateral

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3
Q

brain stem

A

rely center, regulates: body temp, breathing, consciousness, most primitive but essential for life

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4
Q

spinal cord

A

encased in vertebral column, spinal nerves. part of the PNS

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5
Q

somatic nervous system

A
  • spinal nerves that innervate muscles, skin, joints
  • soma in CNS and axons in PNS
  • sensory neurons near spine by dorsal roots, cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia
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6
Q

autonomic nervous system

A
  • aka: involuntary or visceral
  • sensory and motor (smooth muscle)
  • organs, glands, blood vessels
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7
Q

afferent

A

axons that bring information TO CNS

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8
Q

efferent

A

axons which bring information FROM CNS to glands, muscles, etc.

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9
Q

cranial nerves

A
  • 12 pairs, named anterior to posterior by GALEN
  • exit brain stem
  • innervate head
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10
Q

meninges (3 layers)

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • pia mater (CSF between arachnid and pia mater)
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11
Q

cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

A
  • produced by choroid plexus
  • circulates to subarachnoid space
  • absorbed by arachnoid villi
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12
Q

hydrocephalus

A

water on the brain

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13
Q

computed tomography

A

X-rays with a large amount of computer analysis to construct 3D image

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14
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

excite protons to high energy state with EM waves and measure radio frequencies emitted, frequency proportional to size of field, vary in strength and direction of magnets, use computer to build

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15
Q

functional brain imaging

A

measure blood flow and metabolism

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16
Q

positron emission tomagraphy (PET)

A

use 2-deoxyglucose with positron emitting isotope, taken up by cells, can’t leave, several minutes to scan

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17
Q

functional MRI (fMRI)

A

oxyhemoglobin ratio, better resolution than PET and faster (50msec)

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18
Q

endoderm

A

internal organs

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19
Q

mesoderm

A

muscle and skeleton

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20
Q

ectoderm

A

nervous system and skin

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21
Q

neural plate is apart of which germ layer?

A

ectoderm

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22
Q

neural plate gives rise to…?

A

nervous system

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23
Q

walls of groove (neural folds) fuse to form…

A

neural tube at embryonic day 22

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24
Q

when does the neural groove form in neural plate?

A

3 weeks of gestation

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25
CNS is derived from?
neural tube
26
neuroectoderm becomes
neural crest
27
PNS come from
neural crest
28
mesoderm develops into..
somites
29
somites form..
33 vertebra and associated skeletal muscles
30
anencephaly
skull and forebrain degenerate
31
spina bifida
posterior neural tube doesn't close
32
prosencephalon
forebrain
33
mesencephalon
midbrain
34
rhombencephalon
connects to caudal neural tube, forms spinal cord
35
olfactory bulbs arise from?
cerebral hemispheres
36
the two cerebral hemispheres arise from?
telencephalon
37
third ventricle is a marker for...
diencephalon
38
telencephalon forms...
cerebral cortex and basal telencephalon
39
diencephalon becomes...
thalamus and hypothalamus
40
cortical white matter
neurons to and from cortex
41
corpus callosum
axonal bridges connect hemispheres
42
internal capsule
links cortex with thalamus
43
basal ganglia
important in control of movement by cortex
44
hypothalamus
many "old" or basic functions, ANS, controls hormones by pituitary, body temperature
45
dorsal midbrain becomes..
tectum
46
ventral midbrain becomes....
tegmentum
47
what is the "good landmark for midbrain"?
cerebral aqueduct
48
tectum becomes...
inferior colliculus and superior colliculus (optic tectum)
49
inferior colliculus
relays information from ear to thalamus
50
tegmentum involves
movement, pain, pleasure, mood, consciousness
51
rostral hindbrain becomes
cerebellum and pons
52
caudal hindbrain becomes
medulla
53
cerebellum receives large input from...
cord and pons
54
cerebellum is responsible for...
coordinated movement
55
cortex controls movements of what side?
contralateral
56
dorsal horn receives input from...
dorsal root
57
ventral horn projects to...
ventral roots and no to muscle
58
intermediate interneurons
coordinate sensory and brain information to form output
59
dorsal columns carry...
touch information (ipsilateral) to medulla
60
neurons in medulla cross and connect to...
thalamus on contralateral side
61
lateral column axons from corticospinal tract
cross at pyramidal decussation, innervate intermediate zone and ventral horn voluntary movement
62
fourth ventricle surrounded by
pons, medulla, and cerebellm
63
sulci
grooves
64
gyri
bumps
65
lateral ventricles relate to
cerebral cortex and basal telencephalon
66
third ventricle relate to
thalamus and hypothalamus
67
cerebral aqueduct relates to
tectum and midbrain tegmentum
68
cerebral cortex has systems for
learning, speech, sensations, cognition, perceptions, voluntary movement, and integration of many modalities
69
hippocampus
medial to lateral ventricles, one cell layer (learning and memory)
70
olfactory cortex
two cell layers, posterior to olfactory bulb
71
neocortex
only in mammals, voluntary movement, vision, hearing, and somatic sensation

NEURO 3000 (16 decks)

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