Ch. 10 Mission of Attack Flashcards Preview

IM For SSFO > Ch. 10 Mission of Attack > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ch. 10 Mission of Attack Deck (64)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Mission of attack is to _______________ in the area assigned.

A

Coordinate suppression efforts

2
Q

The incident commander’s task is to focus. The officer assigned to attack has ________.

A

Focus also.

3
Q

______ focuses on the incident.
______ tunnel in (focus) on the task assigned.
______ do the work.

A

Command.
Division or group LEADERS.
Crews

4
Q

You can put a lot of fire out with 500 gallons of water if you use a little discipline: (4)

A

Don’t throw water at smoke.
For most interior attacks, INDIRECT is the BEST.
Quickly pull ceilings to check for vertical extension.
Use positive pressure ventilation after you have identified/darkened down fire

5
Q

For most interior attacks at single-family homes, _______ attack is the best because it provides BEST use of water and LEAST disruption of thermal balance.

A

Indirect attack (straight stream bounced off the ceiling)

6
Q

Once command has been established, ________ can be established and _________ put in place.

A

Water supplies.

Back up lines.

7
Q

The officer assigned to attack has three responsibilities:

A

Safety of attack crew.
Putting out all the fire in the area assigned.
Keeping command informed.

8
Q

Any group or division leader’s first responsibility is:

A

Safety of the crew

9
Q

If command send you into area where extent of fire is becoming untenable or affecting the structure to point where stability is jeopardized , the officer needs to: (2)

A

Protect the crew.

Take some form of evasive measures

10
Q

__________ continually evaluating heat and smoke and stability of the floor.

A

Attack officer

11
Q

Things in common for methods of fire attack

A

Differentiate between interior and exterior attack.
Differentiate between nozzle and stream types.
Differentiate between different types and stages of fire growth.

12
Q

Two basic fire strategies are:

A

Offensive and defensive

13
Q

Each form of fire attack is distinct and depends on: (5)

A
Extent of fire on arrival.
Savable victims.
Ability to operate inside.
Stability of structure.
Ratio of risk to gain.
14
Q

Objective of any strategy (aka extinguishment process)

A
Confine fire (nozzle between fire/property).
Control fire (reduce heat).
Extinguish fire (overhaul).

CCE Vs HOT = LCE (locate/confine/extinguish)

15
Q

Offensive strategy calls for an aggressive interior attack. The key to this strategy is __________________.

A

Confine fire to smallest area possible

16
Q

In offensive strategy, command believes (3 things):

A

Quick interior attack can be successful.
Structure is worth saving.
RISKS associated with sending crews inside NOT GREATER than value of materials being saved

17
Q

NFA water flow formula

A

L x W divided by 3 = flow or gpm to extinguish

18
Q

Tactic using either smooth or solid streams applied directly to burning material. Intent is to cool the surface of the burning material.

A

Direct

19
Q

3 tactics of offensive strategy

A

Direct (most common).
Fog.
Indirect (best).

20
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of Interior Direct attack (6/3)

A

Adv.
-greater reach, not a lot of steam, won’t drive out crews, penetration, knockdown power, doesn’t push fire.
Disadvantage.
-more water needed, more water damage (less heat absorption), disturbs thermal balance

21
Q

Tactic that should not be used or used sparingly in interior structural firefighting

A

Fog

22
Q

Two instances in which fog is advocated

A

First is fire must be HELD to a specific area.
-can hold a lot of fire and only used in an emergency
Second is for quick VENTILATION purposes (20,000 cf air per minute).

23
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of Interior Fog attack (2/3)

A

Adv.
- max heat absorption (water droplet=350 microns), stream can hold/change direction of fire (#1 reason advocating fog, other vent).
Disadv.
- max steam and body cannot tolerate, disrupt thermal balance (most), little reach/penetration

24
Q

Tactic where straight or solid stream is aimed at ceiling, then deflected off the ceiling and allowed to rain down on the fire.

A

Indirect

25
Q

__________ is an exterior attack on fire when no savable victims and amount of fire involvement or stability of the structure makes it imprudent to send firefighters inside.

A

Defensive strategy

26
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of Interior Indirect attack (3/1) Authors best method for interior attack-indirect
-stream to ceiling, rains down. Side to side-better.

A

Adv.
-least amount of steam, reach of stream FFs able to stay back, BEST visibility, disrupts thermal LEAST.
Disadv.
-more material overhauled-less penetration.

26
Q

Defensive attacks (Holding attacks) used for the following: (2)

A

Fire has reached flashover AND at least one floor totally involved.
Structure vacant AND well involved, heavy smoke or previous fires.

28
Q

3 tactics of Defensive attack

A

Direct.
Indirect.
Combination

28
Q

Three defensive modes used for:

A

Direct-flashover stage/free-burning, can’t get close because of HEAT or structures STABILITY, safe distances and collapse zones.
Indirect-one application=backdraft. 60 degree FOG (indirect = wide fog).
Combination-flashover and APPROACHABLE. 30-60 degree fog

29
Q

(Defensive) Direct attack when fire is in __________ or ___________ and firefighters can get closer because of ___________ or __________.

A

Flashover or free-burning stage (visible fire)

Structure’s stability or radiant heat

30
Q

Type of attack when people think about large fires

A

Direct (defensive)

31
Q

Indirect (defensive) has only one application. Used when command believes:

A

There is a potential for backdraft

32
Q

SSFO Conditions indicative of backdraft: (4)

A
Pushing/pulling of smoke.
Absence of visible flame.
Oily residue on Windows.
Doors hot to touch.
*Oxygen BELOW 16% while retaining heat/fuel load*
33
Q

Normal plate glass fails at __________.

A

About 500F

34
Q

If backdraft conditions exist, two things must be done:

A

First, vent hole at top of structure (safely remove products of combustion without allowing air to enter).
Second, after vent hole and air allowed flow up/out, inside cooled by injecting steam (or fog) into lower portion.

35
Q

Steps for indirect fire attack (defensive)

A

Identify conditions/stop from entering.
Vent hole roof OR highest portion of structure.
Take a break.
Small hole in lower portion of door panel, 60 degree fog.
Wait.
After 10-15 minutes, return to roof to check heat.
Open front door and wait “a few minutes” before going inside (then open other doors) 3-4 individuals.
Command made aware of attack crew location.
Extensive overhaul

36
Q

When creating vent hole in roof or at highest portion, typically this will be at the _________ or at highest portion of flat roof. Even ___________ have grade or slope for shedding of water. After hole is made, you will get _________________. This is a ____ thing and ______.

A

Ridge board.
Flat roofs.
Torch effect of heated gases.
Good, normal

37
Q

Flame production ceases and human beings can’t live in _____ O2 environment.

A

16% (attack).

15% command

38
Q

This approach is used when an area of the structure has reached flashover stage and the structure is approachable.

A

Combination (defensive)

39
Q

This method can be used on an occupied structure that is at flashover stage on the FIRST floor. It may provide a ___________________ prior to an _____________.

A

Combination attack (defensive)

Quick EXTERIOR knockdown
Offensive INTERIOR attack

40
Q

With this attack, you approach in open window or door with the nozzle set ____________ degrees and move your hands back from the nozzle, rotate the nozzle in a ________ motion.

A

Combination (defensive)

Between 30-60 degrees
Clockwise

41
Q

With combination (defensive) attack, the hose stream will put out all the fire it can reach in ____________. If fire not darkened down in ______________, get a larger or additional line.

A

30 seconds

p. 106

42
Q

Never attempt defensive attack if: (2)

A

Conceivable victims may be inside

Crews are inside

43
Q

The _______ and ______ system must be part of every fire departments standard operating procedures. Personal accountability reports (PARs) meet this criteria.

A

Head counts

Check-in system

44
Q

Most fire are ______ fires. The ________ attack is rarely mounted initially.

A

Offensive
Defensive

offensive, aggressive is 75% of the time

45
Q

It’s up to attack officer to determine: (3)

A

How/where to get into building
Where the attack line will be taken
The method of attack to be used

46
Q

If command orders specific exposure, indicates __________.

A

Direction fire is heading OR venting from.

47
Q

If command orders vent in the roof, then he or she believes ________.

A

Fire has gotten into structure itself.

48
Q

Command orders PPV, believes _______.

A

Fire is small and not entered hidden spaces

49
Q

Command orders additional attack lines to assist you, ______________

A

More fire than originally thought

50
Q

Command orders attack out, he or she ________________.

A

Knows something attack doesn’t.

51
Q

Attack is the “________________”. He should get ____________.

A

Person in charge inside.

Best idea of what is going on inside and what else may be needed.

52
Q

3 ways “If fire wants out, let it out”

A

Pushing fire back down vent holes
-let it go.
Hitting fire venting from eaves/soffit (spreading vertically and laterally)
-stream above window, cooling siding.
Fire venting from window or door (moth to flame)
-cool exposed surface with constant stream of water.

53
Q

“Attack from uninvolved area toward area of involvement” helps in two ways:

A

Diminishes spread of fire
*this is “confine” in Confine Control Extinguish (CCE - SSFO) (LCE - HOT)

No pushing fire or heat toward victims

54
Q

Generally a hose stream will put out all fire it can reach in ___________.

A

30-60 seconds.

-top of stairway and directing water into well-involved second floor and fire not out in 30-60 sec, go get MORE WATER!

55
Q

Objective of every hose stream should be __________

A

To advance

56
Q

3 reasons why hoseline can’t advance:

A

No more line to advance.
Physically don’t have resources to advance.
Can’t advance to heat

57
Q

One of cardinal rules of firefighting is to ______________.

A

Keep command informed

57
Q

Multiple fires on same floor, _____________

A

Bigger is first

58
Q

Fires on multiple floors, start at _________

A

Lowest level possible without being cut off from egress

60
Q

Start on lowest level possible.

Don’t take hoseline into basement unless ______

A

Backup line in stairway

61
Q

If you encounter opposing lines, _______

A

Bigger is better

62
Q

Big fire, big water

A

NFA flow equation

L x W / 3 = gpm

63
Q

If you’ve tried something and no improvement, __________.

A

Try something else.