Ch. 10 Reading Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is Somatic Symptom Disorder?
A disorder in which people become excessively distressed, concerned, and anxious about bodily symptoms that they are experiencing, and their lives are greatly and disproportionately disrupted by the symptoms
Wh at are the two patterns of somatic symptoms disorder that have received attention?
- Somatization pattern
- Predominant pain pattern
What is somatization pattern?
The individual experiences a large and varied number of bodily symptoms
What is predominant pain pattern?
The person’s primary bodily problem is the experience of pain
They often describe their many symptoms in dramatic and exaggerative terms. Most also feel anxious and depressed. The pattern typically lasts for many years, fluctuating over time but rarely disappears completely without therapy.
Somatization Pattern
The primary feature of somatic symptom disorder is pain. The source of the pain may be known or unknown. The concern and disruption produced by the pain are disproportionate to its severity and seriousness.
Predominant Pain Pattern
Who help conclude that hysterical disorders might themselves be caused by psychological processes?
Ambroise-Auguste Liebault and Hippolyte Bernheim in the late 19th century
Which disorders were referred to as hysterical disorders for many years?
Conversion and somatic symptom disorders
Freud centered his explanation of hysterical disorders on the needs of ______ during their _________.
Girls
Phallic stage
Freud believed all girls develop a pattern of desires called ______________.
Electra complex: each girl experiences sexual feelings for her father and at the same time recognizes that she must compete with her mother for his affection
Which two mechanisms do psychodynamic theorists propose are at work in hysterical disorders?
Primary gain and Secondary gain
What is Primary Gain?
In psychodynamic theory, the gain people derive when their somatic symptoms keep their internal conflicts out of awareness
What is Secondary Gain?
In psychodynamic theory, the gain people derive when their somatic symptoms elicit kindness from others or provide an excuse to avoid unpleasant activities
_________ theorists propose that the physical symptoms of conversion and somatic symptom disorders bring rewards to sufferers
Behavioral
What do behaviorists believe people who are familiar with an illness will do?
Will more readily adopt its physical symptoms
The key difference is that psychodynamic theorists view the ______ as indeed _______ - that is, as gains that come only after underlying _______ produce the _________. Behaviorists view them as the _________ cause of the ____________ of the disorders
Gains; secondary; conflicts; disorders
Primary; development
What do some cognitive theorists propose that conversion and somatic symptom disorders are forms of?
Communication- providing a means for people to express emotions that would otherwise be difficult to convey
Cognitive theorists hold that the _________ of people with conversion and somatic symptom disorders are being converted into _________ symptoms.
Emotions; physical
Multicultural theorists believe that the position that it is inappropriate to produce or focus excessively on somatic symptoms in response to personal distress reflects a _______ bias- a bias that sees somatic reactions as an _______ way of dealing with emotions
Western; inferior
In non western cultures, the formation of somatic complaints is view as a _______ and _________ correct- and less ____________- reaction to life’s stressors
Socially; medically; stigmatizing
What is the lesson to be learned from such multicultural findings?
That both bodily and psychological reactions to life events are often influenced by one’s culture
How do psychodynamic therapists help those with somatic symptoms?
They help them become conscious of and resolve their underlying fears, thus eliminating the need to convert anxiety into physical symptoms
Behavioral therapists use __________ treatments for clients with somatic symptoms.
Exposure
Biological therapists use _______ ________ or certain _____________ drugs to help reduce the anxiety of clients with conversion and somatic symptom disorders.
Antianxiety drugs; antidepressant
