Lecture 14 & Reading

Question 1

A state defined by loss of contact with reality

Answer 1

Psychosis

Question 2

What are the symptoms included in Psychosis?

Answer 2

• Hallucinations: false sensations
• Delusions: false beliefs

Question 3

What causes psychosis?

Answer 3

Induced or caused by brain injury but most psychosis appears in form of schizophrenia

Question 4

1 in 100 people in the world

Answer 4

Schizophrenia

Question 5

What is the onset of schizophrenia?

Answer 5

Men- 23 years
Women- 28 years

Question 6

Which socioeconomic groups are at risk of schizophrenia?

Answer 6

All are at risk. Low income populations have higher risk

Question 7

How many categories for schizophrenia symptoms are there? What are they?

Answer 7

3:
1. Positive symptoms
2. Negative symptoms
3. Psychomotor symptoms

Question 8

What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 8

• Delusions
• Disordered thinking and speech
• Derailment (loose associations)
• Neologisms (made up words)
• Perseveration
• Clang (rhymes)
• Heightened perceptions
• Hallucinations
• Inappropriate affect

Question 9

What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 9

• Poverty of speech -> alogia
• Restricted/flat affect
• Avolition
• Social withdrawal
• Anasognosia/Agnosia

Question 10

What are the psychomotor symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 10

• Awkward movements, grimaces, gestures
• Extreme forms collectively called catatonia

Question 11

Onset between late teens and mid 30s

Answer 11

Schizophrenia

Question 12

What are the 3 phases sufferers of schizophrenia experience?

Answer 12

1. Prodromal
2. Active
3. Residual

Question 13

What percent of schizophrenia patients fully recover?

Answer 13

About 25%

Question 14

Recovery is more likely in what type of people?

Answer 14

• With good pre disorder functioning
• Whose disorder was triggered by stress
• With later abrupt onset
• Who receive early treatment

Question 15

How many types of schizophrenia are there? What are they?

Answer 15

2 types:

1. Type 1 schizophrenia
2. Type 2 schizophrenia

Question 16

What is the biopsychosicial/multidimensional risk theories of schizophrenia?

Answer 16

Most research supports biological explanations

Question 17

People with a biological predisposition will develop schizophrenia only if stressors are also present

Answer 17

Diathesis-stress relationship theory

Question 18

If one identical twin develops schizophrenia there is a __ percent chance the other twin will do so as well

Answer 18

48%

Question 19

What is the chance a fraternal twin develops schizophrenia if the other twin has it?

Answer 19

17%

Question 20

How much genetic factors lead to the development of schizophrenia?

Answer 20

1. Biochemical abnormalities
2. Abnormal brain structure

Question 21

The theory that schizophrenia results from excessive activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine

Answer 21

Dopamine hypothesis

Question 22

Drugs that help correct grossly confused or distorted thinking

Answer 22

Antipsychotic drugs

Question 23

A group of antihistamine drugs that became the first group of effective antipsychotic medications

Answer 23

Phenothiazines

Question 24

How strong is the dopamine schizophrenia link?

Answer 24

• People with Parkinson’s disease develop schizophrenia like symptoms if they take too much L dopa (a medication that raises dopamine levels)
• Amphetamines and similar stimulant drugs increase dopamine activity in the brain thus producing schizophrenia like symptoms
• Phenothiazines and other antipsychotic drugs are dopamine antagonists (prevent dopamine from binding to dopamine receptors)

Question 25

Which receptor do phenothiazines bind most strongly to?

Answer 25

D-2 receptors

Question 26

A relatively new group of antipsychotic drugs whose biological action is different from that of the traditional antipsychotic drugs. Aka atypical antipsychotic drugs

Answer 26

Second generation antipsychotic drugs

Question 27

A relatively new group of antipsychotic drugs whose biological action is different from that of the traditional antipsychotic drugs. Aka atypical antipsychotic drugs

Answer 27

Second generation antipsychotic drugs

Question 28

What abnormal brain structures have been found in people who display negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 28

- Enlarged ventricles - Smaller temporal and frontal lobes - Smaller amounts of cortical white and gray matter - Abnormal blood flow (either reduced or heightened) - Abnormalities of the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus

Question 29

What might cause the biochemical and structural abnormalities found in many cases of schizophrenia?

Answer 29

- Genetic factors, poor nutrition, fetal development, birth complications, immune reactions and toxins - Brain abnormalities may results from exposure to viruses before birth

Question 30

Freud believed that schizophrenia develops from which two psychological processes?

Answer 30

1. Regression to a pre ego stage 2. Efforts to reestablish ego control

Question 31

A type of mother- supposedly cold, domineering, and uninterested in the needs of her children- who was once thought to cause schizophrenia in her child

Answer 31

Schizophrenogenic mother

Question 32

Behaviorista usually cute _______ conditioning and principles of reinforcement as the cause of schizophrenia

Answer 32

Operant

Question 33

Which view theorizes that people with schizophrenia begin to reject all feedback and some develop beliefs (delusions) that they are being persecuted and take a “rational path to madness”?

Answer 33

Cognitive

Question 34

Sociocultural theorists believe that which 3 things contribute to schizophrenia?

Answer 34

Multicultural factors, social labeling, and family dysfunctioning

Question 35

A theory that some parents repeatedly communicate pairs of message that are mutually contradictory, helping to produce schizophrenia in their children

Answer 35

Double bind hypothesis

Question 36

According the the sociocultural view of family dysfunctioning, parents of people with schizophrenia often show was 3 qualities?

Answer 36

1. Display more conflict 2. Have more difficulty communicating with one another 3. More critical if and overinvolved with their children than other parents

Question 37

The general level of criticism, disapproval, and hostility expressed in a family. People recovering from schizophrenia are considered more likely to relapse if their families rate high in this

Answer 37

Expressed emotion

Question 38

Which symptoms of schizophrenia respond well to the conventional (1st gen) antipsychotic drugs? Which receptor do they strongly bind to?

Answer 38

Positive; D-2 receptors

Question 39

Which symptoms of schizophrenia respond best to the atypical (2nd gen) antipsychotic drugs?

Answer 39

Negative