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PSY170 > Lecture 16 & Reading > Flashcards

Lecture 16 & Reading Flashcards

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1
Q

A set of uniquely expressed characteristics that influence our behaviors, emotions, thoughts, and interactions

A

Personality

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2
Q

Lead us to react in fairly predictable ways

A

Traits

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3
Q

What is a personality disorder?

A

Enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience and behaviors that impairs sense of self, emotional experience, goals, and capacity for empathy/intimacy

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4
Q

When is personality disorder usually recognized?

A

Adolescence or early adulthood

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5
Q

9% to 13% of adults may have this

A

A personality disorder

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6
Q

What kind of an approach does the DSM 5 have on classifying personality disorders?

A

Categorical approach

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7
Q

What are the assumptions DSM 5 has for classifying personality disorder?

A
  • You have OR don’t have a disorder
  • There must be a primary disorder
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8
Q

What type of approach do theorists use to challenge the classic approach of the DSM 5?

A

Dimensional approach- differ in degree

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9
Q

How many personality disorders and clusters are there according to the DSM 5?

A

10 personality disorders
3 clusters

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10
Q

What is cluster A?

A

Odd or eccentric behavior:
- paranoid
- schizoid
- schizotypal

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11
Q

Symptoms- extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and peculiar ways of thinking and perceiving things

A

Cluster A

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12
Q

What is cluster A personality disorders similar to?

A

Schizophrenia

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13
Q

What percentage of people have Paranoid personality disorder?

A

0.5-3% of people

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14
Q

Do more men or women have paranoid personality disorder?

A

Men>women

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15
Q

What are the symptoms for Paranoid PDx?

A

Deep distrust, suspicion of others

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16
Q

<1% of people have this Personality disorder

A

Cluster A “Odd” Personality Dxs- Schizoid PDx

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17
Q

Do more men or women have schizoid PDx?

A

Men> women

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18
Q

Symptoms for Schizoid PDx are persistence _________ of social relationships, _______ emotional expression

A

Avoidance; limited

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19
Q

2-4% or people have this personality disorder

A

Cluster A “Odd” Personality Dx- Schizotypal PDx

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20
Q

Symptoms- interpersonal problems, extreme discomfort in close relationships, odd thinking, eccentricities

A

Schizotypal PDx

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21
Q

Which PDx is the most severe from the Cluster A of personality Dxs?

A

Schizotypal PDx

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22
Q

Do more women or men have Schizotypal PDx?

A

Men > women

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23
Q

Which cluster of personality Dxs is defined by dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior?

A

Cluster B- Dramatic PDxs

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24
Q

Which personality Dxs belong to Cluster B?

A

Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, and Narcissistic

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25
Which cluster of personality Dxs are more commonly diagnosed?
Cluster B because they can be a threat to themselves or to others
26
Which personality disorders under Cluster B are most studied?
Antisocial and borderline
27
What percentage of people are diagnosed with Antisocial PDx?
2-3.5% of people
28
How many more times of men are diagnosed with antisocial PDx than women?
4x more men
29
What are the symptoms for Antisocial PDx?
Disregard and violate others’ rights
30
Ow old does the DSM 5 day a person must be to be diagnosed with Antisocial PDx?
Must be at least 18 yrs old but most people show signs before 15 yrs of age
31
Who is at risk for antisocial PDx?
Children with ADHD/ conduct dx
32
What are people with antisocial PDx sometimes called?
Psychopaths or sociopaths
33
1-2,5% of people have this personality disorder
Cluster B “dramatic” PDxs- Borderline PDx
34
75% are women who have this personality disorder
Borderline PDx
35
What are the symptoms for Borderline PDx?
Major mood swings, unstable self image, impulsivity
36
2-3% of people have this personality disorder
Cluster B “dramatic” PDx- Histrionic PDx
37
Do more men or women have histrionic PDx?
No gender difference
38
Symptoms- extremely emotional, often seek to be the center of attention, are always “on stage”
Histrionic PDx
39
What is the most important thing in life for someone with histrionic PDx?
Approval
40
What might someone with histrionic PDx do to manipulate others?
Make suicide attempts
41
About 1% of people and 75% are men have this personality disorder?
Narcissistic PDx
42
Symptoms- grandiosity, need admiration, no empathy, exaggerate achievements/talents, appear arrogant, no interest in other’s feelings
Narcissistic PDx
43
Which cluster of personality disorders is defined by anxious or fearful behavior?
Cluster C
44
Which personality disorders belong to Cluster C?
Avoidant, depender, and obsessive compulsive
45
Why are treatments for cluster C personality disorders considerably better than compared to other PDxs?
Because the symptoms are parallel to anxiety and depression disorders
46
What percentage of people have avoidant PDx? More men or women?
1-2% of people; no gender diff
47
Symptoms- very uncomfortable in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, extremely sensitive to negative evaluation, few close friends
Avoidant PDx
48
About 2% of people have this personality disorder
Dependent PDx
49
Does dependent PDx have a gender preference?
No gender difference
50
Symptoms are pervasive, excessive need to be taken care of, clingy, obedient, rely on others too much, can’t make any decision alone
Dependent PDx
51
What is the main symptom for dependent PDx?
Fear or difficulty with separation
52
What are people with dependent PDx at risk for?
Depression, anxiety, eating dxs, and suicide
53
What percentage of people have obsessive compulsive PDx?
1-2% of people
54
Does obsessive compulsive PDx have a gender preference?
Men >
55
What are the symptoms for obsessive compulsive PDx?
Preoccupied with order, perfection, and control, not flexible, stubborn
56
How is obsessive compulsive PDx (OCP) different from OCD?
People with OCP love their symptoms
57
How do psychodynamic theorists explain borderline personality disorder?
Propose that an early lack of acceptance by parents may lead to a loss of self esteem, increased dependence, and I ability to cope with separation
58
Research suggests that was is a common contributor to the development of borderline personality disorder?
Early sexual abuse- children who experience such abuse are 4x more likely to develop the disorder
59
What certain biological abnormalities have been linked to borderline personality disorder?
- Overly reactive amygdala - Under-active prefrontal cortex - Lower brain serotonin -> some studies tied this to an abnormality of the 5-HTT gene (serotonin transporter gene)
60
Which theorists suggest that cases of borderline personality disorder are particularly likely to emerge in cultures that change rapidly?
Sociocultural
61
Which type of treatment has not been effective with people with borderline personality disorder? Which has been more effective?
- Traditional psychoanalysis - Contemporary psychodynamic approaches such as relational psychoanalytic therapy
62
Which treatment is considered the treatment choice for borderline personality disorder?
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
63
Psychodynamic theorists believe that as children people with _______ personality disorder had cold and ___________ parents who left them feeling unloved and afraid of abandonment
Histrionic; controlling
64
Cognitive explanations look at what to explain histrionic personality disorder? How do they see people with this disorder?
- The lack of substance and extreme suggestibility - They see these people as becoming less and less interested in knowing about the world at large because they are so self focused and emotional
65
What do sociocultural theorists believe histrionic personality disorder is produced by?
Cultural norms and expectations
66
How do cognitive therapies help people with histrionic personality disorder?
Help people change their belief that they are helpless and also to develop better more deliberate ways of thinking and solving problems
67
_____________ therapy ultimately aim to help clients with histrionic PDx recognize their excessive dependency, find inner satisfaction, and become more self reliant
Psychodynamic
68
What do psychodynamic theorists propose how narcissistic personality disorder begins?
With cold rejecting parents
69
Which theorists propose that narcissistic PDx may develop when people are treated too positively rather than negatively in early life?
Cognitive behavioral theorists
70
Many _____________ theorists see a link between narcissistic personality disorder and “eras of narcissism” in society
Sociocultural
71
How do psychodynamic therapists help people with narcissistic personality disorder?
Help them recognize and work through their basic insecurities and defenses
72
________ therapists, focusing on the self centered thinking of such individuals, try to redirect the clients’ focus onto the opinions of others, teach them to interpret criticism more rationally, increase their ability to empathize and change their all-or-nothing notions
Cognitive

PSY170 (11 decks)

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