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Emt > Ch 12,24,28,31 > Flashcards

Ch 12,24,28,31 Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

3 common examples of obstructive shock

A

tension pneumothorax
cardiac tamponade
pulmonary embolism

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2
Q

carry information from the CNS to the muscles

A

motor nerves

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3
Q

what do the connecting nerves in the spinal cord form?

A

reflex arc

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4
Q

what is ecchymosis?

A

a bruise

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5
Q

bruising that develops under the eyes

A

raccoon eyes

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6
Q

classic signs of shock

A

cool
pale
thready pulse
diaphorteic

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7
Q

3 things epinephrine does

A

shunts blood to the core
makes heart race
powerful bronchiole dilator

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8
Q

3 causes of shock

A

pump failure
low fluid volume
poor vessel function

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9
Q

pump failure will cause what type of shock?

A

cardiogenic shock

obstructive shock

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10
Q

poor vessel function causes what type of shock?

A

distributive shock

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11
Q

types of distributive shock

A

septic shock
neurogenic shock
anaphylactic shock
psychogenic shock

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12
Q

how to stabilize pelvic fractures?

A

sheet splits;it with rigid splint and pillows

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13
Q

general rules to splinting

A

CMS before/after splinting
almost always splint in position found
splint must extend passed the 2 nearest uninjured joints above and below injury
don’t tape pr strap over injuries or uninjured joints

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14
Q

when is it okay to not splint in position found?

A

angular injury that has no CMS distal to the injury

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15
Q

treatment for impaled objects

A

wrap/secure in dressings

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16
Q

when is it okay to move an implied object?

A

if in the way to do CPR

if it obstructs the airway

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17
Q

toxins damage vessel walls, causing leaking and umpiring ability to contract, leads to dilation of vessels and loss of plasma (severe infection)

A

septic shock

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18
Q

low fluid volume causes what type off shock ?

A

hypovolemic shock

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19
Q

not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart

A

cardiogenic shock

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20
Q

presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area

A

edema

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21
Q

build up of fluid in the pulmonary tissue, leads to impaired respiration which may be manifested by man increased respiratory rate and abnormal lung sounds

A

pulmonary edema

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22
Q

4 common cause s of anaphylactic shock

A

injection
stings
inhalation
ingestion

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23
Q

circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation, seen in patients w/ spinal cord injuries

A

neurogenic shock

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24
Q

severe shock caused by an allergic reaction

A

anaphylactic shock

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25
widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venues, or both
distributive shock
26
sudden reaction of the nervous system that produces a temporary, generalized vascular dilation, resulting in fainting
psychogenic shock
27
compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac
cardiac tamponade
28
blood clot that occurs in the pulmonary circulation and blocks the flow of blood through the pulmonary vessels
pulmonary embolism
29
a block to blood flow in the heart our great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body tissues
obstructive shock
30
insufficient concentration of oxygen in the blood
respiratory insufficiency
31
shock cause=d by fluid or blood loss
hypovolemic shock
32
body can still compensate for blood loss
compensated shock
33
late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling
decompensated shock
34
treatment for hypovolemic shock
provide oxygen keep warm shock position
35
treatment for neurogenic shock
provide spinal immobilization
36
treatment for anaphylactic shock
administer epinephrine (auto-injector)
37
treatment for cardiogenic shock
fowlers position | administer high flow oxygen
38
the energy for a moving object
kinetic energy
39
bruising behind one ear over the mastoid process
battle signas
40
usually following diffuse impact to the heard, generally a result from extension of a linear fracture to the base of the skull
basilar skull fracture
41
signs of a basil skull fracture
CSF raccoon eyes battle signs
42
an accumulation of blood between the skull and the dura mater, happens super fast
epidural hematoma
43
an accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater but outside the brain (slow)
subdural hematoma
44
the measure of force over distance
work
45
an impact on the body objects that cause injury without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities
blunt trauma
46
very common cause of death associated w/ motor vehicle crashes
lateral crashes
47
injury by objects that pierce and penetrate the surface of the bodying the injure the underlying soft tissues, internal organs, and the body cavities
penetrating trauma
48
injuries are caused by the sharp edges of the object moving through the. body
low energy penetrations
49
a phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves, which cause damage distant from the bullets path
cavitation
50
act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment
traction
51
blood in the urine
hematuria
52
the patient is hurled by the force of the explosion against a stationary object
teritary blast injuries
53
miscellaneous injuries include burns from hot gases or fires starters by the blast; respiratory injury from inhaling toxic gases; crush injuries from the collapse of buildings
quaternary blast injuries
54
air entering the veins
air embolism
55
when air is trapped in the subcutaneous tissue, produces a crackling sound or feeling when palpated
subcutaneous emphysema
56
elevated pressure within a fascial compartment, loss of CMS distal the injury
compartment syndrome
57
a fracture in which the bone is broken into more than two fragments
comminuted
58
a fracture that occurs in a growth section of a Childs bone and may lead to growth abnormalities
epiphyseal
59
a grating or grinding sensation
crepitus
60
an incomplete fracture that passes only partway through the shaft of a bone
greenstick
61
three distinct layers of tissue that surround and protect the brain and the spinal cord within the skull and the spinal canal
meninges
62
this layer forms a sac to contain the CNS, w/ small openings through which the peripheral nerves exit
dura meter
63
inner two layers of the meninges that contain the blood vessels that nourish the brain and the spinal cord
arachnoid and pia mater
64
carries information from the body to the brain via the spinal cord
sensory nerves
65
a fracture that doesn't run completely through the bone
incomplete
66
a fracture in which the bone is broken at an angle across the bone
oblique
67
a fracture of weakened or diseased bone
pathologic
68
a fracture caused by twisting or spinning force, causing a long, spiral shaped break in the bone
spiral
69
treatments for sprain/ strains
``` RICES Rest Ice Compression Elevation Splinting ```
70
a fracture that occurs straight across the bone
transverse
71
a joint that is Locke into position is difficult and painful to move
locked joint
72
supporting capsule/ligaments are stretched or torn
sprain
73
caused by hand guns and some rifles
medium-velocity injuries
74
caused by military injuries
high-velocity injuries
75
due entirely to the blast itself
primary blast injuries
76
increased blood pressure (hypertensive) decreased heart rate (bradycardia) irregular respirations such as cheyne-stokes respirations and Biot respirations
bushings triad
77
damage to the body results from being struck by flying debris
secondary blast injuries
78
stretching or tearing of the muscle and/or tendon
strain
79
what are tractions splints for?
isolated mid shaft femur fracture
80
involves bleeding within the brain tissue itself (fast)
intracerebral hematoma
81
a patient with unequal pupils and no MOI is experiencing what?
cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

Emt (10 decks)

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