Human Body Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
systemic circulation
A
in the body
2
Q
pulmonary circulation
A
in the lungs
3
Q
two layered membrane that surrounds the heart w/ the visceral covering of the surface of the organ and the parietal layer outside
A
pericardial sack
4
Q
SA Node (sinoatrial)
A
60 to 100 bpm
5
Q
AV Node (atrioventricular)
A
pauses for a split second
40 to 60 bpm
6
Q
purkinje fibers
A
< 20 bpm
7
Q
how many liters of blood is in the human body?
A
5 to 6 liters
8
Q
amount of force exerted against walls of arteries
A
blood pressure
9
Q
systole
A
left ventricle contracts
10
Q
diastole
A
left ventricle relaxes and fills w/ blood
11
Q
circulation of blood within an organ or tissue
A
perfusion
12
Q
shock
A
widespread inadequate tissue perfusion
13
Q
central nervous system (CNS)
A
brain and spinal cord
14
Q
carries info from the body to the CNS
A
sensory nerves
15
Q
carries info from the CNS to the muscles of the nerves
A
motor nerves
16
Q
how long w/o perfusion will brain cells start to die?
A
4-6 minutes
17
Q
frontal lobe
A
behavior/emotion
18
Q
parietal lobe
A
touch/sensation
19
Q
occipital lobe
A
vision
20
Q
temporal lobde
A
hearing/speech
21
Q
cerebellum
A
balance/fine motor skills
22
Q
reticular activating system (RAS)
A
asleep and awake cycles
23
Q
what does the nervous system control?
A
controls virtually all of our body activities
24
Q
skin
A
largest single organ thermo regulation protects from the environment retention of water sensory input
25
3rd cranial nerve (occularmotor)
controls the constriction and dilation of the pupils
26
intravascular
inside cells
27
lymphatic system
supports circulatory/immune system
| helps rid body of toxins and harmful materials
28
endocrine system
complex message and control system
29
vasomotor
controls our smooth muscle
30
extracellular
outside cells
31
interstitial
between cells
32
osmosis
the movement of solvent
33
minerals in your blood and other fluids that carry an electric charge
electrolytes
34
what is the normal PH balance?
7.35-7.45
35
homeostasis
the concept of balance
36
spaces between your ribs
intercostal spaces
37
closer to the surface
superficial
38
further into the body
deep
39
sharp points
apices
40
comparing left and right side
bilaterally
41
splits body from to back
coronal plane
42
splits body into top and bottom
transverse planes
43
splits body right to left
sagittal plane
44
bending of a joint (decorticate)
flexion
45
straightening of joint (decerebrate)
extension
46
laying face down; bad position;' difficult to open airway
prone
47
laying flat on back; good access to airway
supine
48
best chance to keep stomach content in the stomach; used mostly for altered level of consciousness patients
left lateral
(recovery)
(recumbent)
49
supine and legs elevated 6 to 12 inches
shock
50
shock on backboard; (use but not recommended)
trendelenburgs position
51
inter cranial pressure (ICP)
reverse trendelenburgs position
52
use for a patient having respiratory distress, position of comfort, helps facilitate breathing
fowlers position
53
thoracic
pleura
54
abdominal
peritoneum
55
inner layer covering the surface of the organs
visceral
56
outer layer covering the walls of the body cavity
parietal
57
skeletal system
consists of 206 bones
58
radius
on the thumb side
59
ulna
on the pinky side
60
cranium
made up of 4 bones
- frontal
- occipital
- parietals
61
face
made up of 14 bones
62
the opening at the base of the skull to allow brain to connect to spinal cord inn the occipital bone
foramen magnum
63
has 33 bones, divides into 5 sections
spinal column
64
in the neck, 7 vertebrae
cervical
65
12 vertebrae
thoracic
66
5 vertebrae
lumbar
67
5 fused vertebrae
sacrum
68
4 fused vertebrae
coccyx
69
what is made up of the shoulder girdle?
clavicle, humerus, and scapula
70
chest cavity, formed by 12 thoracic vertebrae and 12 pairs of ribs
thorax
71
what does the thoracic cavity consist of?
heart, lungs, esophagus, great vessels
72
shoulder and hip, able to move in a ll directions
ball and socket joint
73
knes and elbows, only able to move in one direction
hinge joints
74
muscuskeletal muscles
consists of 600 muscles
75
voluntary, attached to bones of the body
skeletal muscle
76
involuntary, located in vessels, bronchi, urinary and GI tract
smooth muscle
77
wavelike contraction of smooth muscle, occurs in these tubes to move urine to the bladder
peristalsis
78
involuntary, has its own blood supply and electrical system, around the heart
cardiac muscle
79
processing of food that nourishes the cells
digestions
80
second major body cavity, contains major organs of dsifgestdion and excretion
abdomen
81
contains liver, gallbladder, portions of the small/large intestines
right upper quadrant
82
contains stomach, spleen, portions of the small/large intestines
left upper quadrant
83
portions of the small/large intestines, appendix, female reproductive organs if female
right lower quadrant
84
portions of small/large intestines and female reproductive organs if female
left lower quadrant
85
ballooning of the abdominal aortic vessel
abdomina aortic aneurysm
86
liver
solid organ
87
gallbladder
hollow organ
88
large/small intestines
hollow organs
89
stomach
hollow organs
90
appendix
hollow organ
91
spleen
solid organ
92
female reproductive organs
solid organs
93
hollow organs
contains "nasty" inside
94
solid organs
contains blood inside
95
contains 3 organs
- pancreas (both solid/hollow)
- kidneys (solid)
- adrenal glands (solid)
retroperitoneal
96
upper airway
warms, filters, and humidifies
97
lower airway
is sterile
98
at the ends of bronchioles and are airway sacs that have capillary beds
alveoli
99
contains 5 lobes
- 2 on the left side
- 3 on the right side
lungs
100
protective airway structures
rib cage, cilia, epiglottis
101
prevents food and liquid from entering trachea
epiglottis
102
what is the dividing line of the lower and upper airway?
larynx
103
what is the adams apple?
thyroid cartilage
104
divides into right/left bronchi leading to bronchioles
trachea
105
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
diffusion
106
inhalation
active process
diaphragm contracts downward
pressure in lungs decreases
intercostals muscles contracts outward
107
exhalation
passive process
| pressure in the lungs increases
108
respiration
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in alveoli and tissues
109
ventilation
simple air movement into and out of the lungs
110
brain stem
controls breathing
111
respiratory center
controls breathing rate by primary chemo-receptors measuring carbon dioxide levels
112
cardiac center
controls heart rate and measures oxygen levels (backup system, hypoxic drive) by baroreceptors measuring blood pressure
113
what controls the diaphragm?
phrenic nerve
114
what does the circulatory system consist of?
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arteries
arterioles
veins
venules
capillaries
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