Ch 21, 32, 22, 20 Flashcards by noah tostado

any substance whose chemical; acton can damage body structures or impair body function

poison

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a poisonous substance produced by bacteria, animals, or plants

toxins

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the misuse of any substance to produce a desire effect

substance abuse

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toxic or lethal dose of a substance

overdose

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4 routes of poison

ingestion
inhalation
absorption
injection

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examples of inhaled poisons

natural gases, sewer gas, certain pesticides, carbon monoxide, and chlorine

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s/s of absorbed poisons

a history of exposure
liquid or powder on a patients skin
burns, itches, irritation, redness of the skin
typical odors of the substances

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what to do if someone has been exposed to a dry powder?

brush off chemical from skin and clothing then flush the skin with water for 20 minutes

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a form, provided by manufacturers and compounders of chemicals, containing info about chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, health and safety hazards, emergency response, and waste disposal of a specific material

material safety data sheet (MSDS)

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s/s of ingested poison

burns around the mouth, gastrointestinal pain, vomitus, cardiac dysrhythmias, or seizures

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how to determine the nature of poison?

take suspicious materials, containers., vomitus to the hospital (save the vomitus)

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examples of injected poisons

intravenous drug abuse and envenomation such as insects, arachnids, and reptiles

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s/s of injected poisons

weakness, dizziness, fever, chills, and unresponsiveness or the patient may be easily excited

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the need for increasing amounts of a drug to obtain the same effect

tolerance

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know drug users have a fairly high incidence of serious and undiagnosed infections such as:

HIV and hepatitis

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what is alcohol?

a powerful CNS depressant

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what can alcohol cause to a patient?

aggression, inappropriate behavior, and lack of coordination

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a severe withdrawal syndrome seen in alcoholics who are deprived of ethyl alcohol

delirium tremens (DTs)

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s/s of DTs

agitation/restlessness, fever, sweating, tremors, confusion and/or disorientation, delusions and/or hallucinations and seizures

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a drug that produces sleep or altered mental status

narcotic

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a type of narcotic medication used to relieve pain

opioid

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a subset of the opioid family, and refers to natural, non-synthetic opioids

opiate

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s/s of opioid overdose

are a CNS depressant and can cause severe respiratory distress, nausea, vomiting, may lead to hypotension, unconsciousness, cyanosis, pinpoint pupils

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an antidote that reverses the effects of opiate or opioid overdose

naloxone (narcan)

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indications of activated charcoal

medication OD

contraindications of activated charcoal

ingestion of an acid, alkali, or petroleum | patient w/ decreased LOC and unable to swallow

activated charcoal dosage for an adult and for children?

adult: 25 to 50g children: 12.5 to 25 g

s/s of aspirin OD

nausea/vomiting, hyperventilation, ringing in ears, confusion, seizures

treatment for sedative-hypnotics OD patients

create patent airway assist ventilations provide prompt transport

examples of narcotics (opiates)

morphine codeine methadone

s/s of sedative-hypnotics OD

slurred speech, sedation or coma, hypoventilation, hypotension

s/s of sympathomimetics OD

hypertension, tachycardia, dilated pupils, agitation or seizures, hyperthermia

CNS stimulants that mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

sympathomimetics

a highly toxic, colorless, flammable gas with a distinctive rotten-egg odor

hydrogen sulfide

s/s of chronic exposure to hydrogen sulfide

inability to smell the gas, nausea/vomiting, confusion, dyspnea, loss of consciousness, seizures, shock, coma, and cardiac arrest

why are acute cocaine overdoes a genuine emergency?

patients are at high risk for seizures, cardiac dysrhythmia and stroke

what chemical produces its high in marijuana ?

THC

a variety of herbal incense or smoking blends that resemble THC and produce a similar high

synthetic marijuana or "spice"

alter a persons sensory perceptions

hallucinogens

types of hallucinogens

LSD, mushrooms, PCP (angel dust), mescaline and peyote

s/s of hallucinogens

separate user from reality | hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety, and paranoia

medications that block the parasympathetic nerves

anticholinergic agents

types of anticholinergic

atropine, benadryl, jimsonweed,

medications that overstimulate the normal body functions controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system

cholinergic agents

type of cholinergic

organophosphate insecticide

3 things PCP does

causes anger/aggression stimulates adrenal glands (makes a bit stronger) doesn't feel any pain

s/s of PCP

will look crazy, dilated pupils, horizontal nystagmus

pupils move side to side very rapidly

horizontal nystagmus

what is DUMBELS?

``` Diarrhea Urination Miosis (contraction of pupils) Bradycardia, Bronchiospasm Emesis Lacrimation (excessive tearing) Seizures, Salivation, Sweating ```

what is SLUDGEM?

``` Salivation, Sweating Lacrimation Urination Defecation, Drooling, Diarrhea Gastric upset and cramps Emesis Muscle twitching/Miosis ```

what is the duo dote auto injector?

single auto injector that contains 2mg of atropine and 600mg of pralidoxime

a condition characterized by severe gastrointestinal symptoms within 72 hours of ingestion

salmonella

a quick to grow and produce toxins in food that have ben prepared in advance and kept too long

staphylococcus

the most severe form of toxin ingestion, often-fatal disease usually results from eating improperly canned food

botulism

treatment for plant poisoning

assess airway and vital signs notify regional poison center take plant to the ED provide prompt transport

psychiatric emergency includes patients of all ages who exhibit agitated, violent, or uncooperative behavior or who are a danger to themselves or others

behavioral crisis

a temporary or permanent dysfunction of the brain caused by a disturbance in the physical or physiologic functioning of the brain tissue

organic brain syndrome

a physiological disorder that impairs bodily function when the body seems to be structurally normal

functional disorders

types of functional disorders

schizophrenia, anxiety conditions and depression

a complex, difficult to identify mental disorder

schizophrenia

s/s of schizophrenia

delusions, hallucinations, lack of interest in pleasure and erratic speech

a condition of impairment in cognitive function that can present with disorientation, hallucinations, or delusions

delirium

a behavior characterized by restless and irregular physical activity

agitation

s/s of agitated delirium

hyperactive irrational behavior hypertension tachycardia dilated pupils

what is the single most significant factor that contributes to suicide ?

depression

s/s of PTSD

helplessness, anxiety, anger, and fear

the body exaggerated immune response to an internal or surface agent

allergic reaction

chemical substances released by the immune system in allergic reactions that are responsible for many of the symptoms of anaphylaxis

histamines

chemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis, released by the immune system in allergic reactions

leukotrienes

an extreme allergic reaction that is life threatening and involves multiple organ systems; can rapidly result in shock and death

anaphylaxis

hives

urticaria

most common allegens

food, medication, plants, chemicals and insect bites/stings

what will patients experience in more severe cases of anaphylaxis ?

bronchospasm and wheezing and hypotension

how to remove and insect stinger?

scrape the skin with the edge of a sharp, stiff object

dosage for adults and children for an Epipen?

adults: .3 mg | child/infant: .15 mg

s/s of a black and brown widow bite

severe muscle cramping, nausea,respioratory distress and swelling around the site, damages nerve tissue (neurotoxin)

brown recluse side bite

tissue damage (hemotoxin or cytotoxin)

treatment for snakebites

splint and keep below heart | (DOT says to use constricting bands)

factors to consider during assessment of patient for exposure to hot or cold environment

physical condition age nutrition/hydratiomn environmental conditions

the transfer of heat from a part of the body to a colder object or substance by direct contact

conduction

occurs when the heat is transferred to circulating air

convection

sweating cools the body

evaporation

causes heat loss, such as when person stands Iona cold room

radiation

causes body heat loss as warm air in the lungs is exhaled into the atmosphere and cooler air is inhaled

respiration

body temperature falls below 95 degrees

hypothermia

who is more susceptible for hypothermia ?

homeless, swimmers, geriatric, pediatric, and ill people

the skin may freeze whereas deeper tissue are unaffected

frostnip

core temp is greater than 93.2; patient is usually alert, shivering, pule/respiration rate are usually rapid

mild hypothermia

core temp is less than 90, shivering stops and muscular activity decreases

moderate hypothermia

core temp is less than 80, all cardiorespiratory activity may cease and patient may appear dead

severe hypothermia

occurs after prolonged exposure to cold water

immersion foot

the tissues are actually frozen

frostbite

a high core temp of 101 or higher

hyperthermia

painful muscle spasms that occur after vigorous exercise

heat cramps

a heat emergency in which a significant amount of fluid and electrolyte loss occurs because of heavy sweating

heat exhaustion

s/s of heat exhaustion

dizziness, weakness, cold clammy skin, normal vital signs although pulse is rapid and weak, normal or slightly elevated body temp

occurs when the body is subjected to more heat than it can handle

heat stroke

patients with heat stroke have what?

hot dry flushed skin

general management of cold emergencies

remove from cold environment handle gently don't massage extremities don't let walk, eat, or smoke

frostbitten extremity treatment

cushion and splint

when to assume spinal injuries in submersion incidents?

if it was resulted from a diving mishap or fall from significant height, patient is conscious but reports weakness, paralysis or numbness or unconscious

treatment for heat stroke

move patient out of hot environment | apply cold packs to armpits neck and groin

what are decent problems caused by ?

the sudden pressure on the body as the person dives deeper into the water

a condition involving bubbles of air in the blood vessels

air embolism

s/s of air embolism

blotching, froth, dyspnea, dizziness, nausea, dysphasia, coughing, cyanosis, difficulty with vision, irregular pulse and cardiac arrest, paralysis, coma

a painful condition seen in divers who ascend too quickly; in which gas forms bubbles in blood vessels and other tissues ("bends")

decompression sickness

caused by the difference between the surrounding atmospheric pressure and the total gas pressure in various tissues, fluids, and cavities of the body

dynamism injuries

what are coral snakes ?

neurotoxin

pit vipers are considered what type of snakes?

hemotoxin or cytoxin

what are pit vipers ?

rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths

scorpion stings are what?

neurotoxin

s/s of a pit viper bite

severe burning pain at the site of the injury followed by swelling and blue discoloration

mild lighting burn

loss of consciousness, amnesia, confusion, tingling, burns

moderate lighting burns

seizures, respiratory arrest, dysrhthmias, superficial burns

severe lightning burns

cardiac arrest

what is HACE?

high altitude cerebral edema

what is HAPE?

high altitude pulmonary edema

when is oxygen diminished in the air ?

altitudes above 8,000 ft

diminished oxygen from high altitude can cause what?

acute mountain sickness

treatment for HAPE/HACE

provide oxygen, descend to a lower environment, prompt transport

Ch 21, 32, 22, 20 Flashcards

(120 cards)