Ch 25,26,27,29,30 Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
can penetrate skin but can be blocked by simple protective clothing
A
beta
2
Q
have little penetrating energy and easily stopped by the skin
A
alpha
3
Q
3 types of ionizing radiation
A
alpha
beta
gamma
4
Q
any substance that allows a current to flow through
A
conductor
5
Q
any substance that prevents this circuit from being completed
A
insulator
6
Q
how to treat liquid chemicals?
A
immediately flush the burned area w/ large amounts of water
7
Q
how to treat dry chemicals?
A
brush of chemical from skin and clothing before flushing the patient w/ water
8
Q
occurs when a toxic substance contacts the body
A
chemical burn
9
Q
burns caused by heat
A
thermal burns
10
Q
spontaneous pneumothorax
A
occurs non-traumatically
11
Q
how to tell the difference between or prevent progression of a pneumothorax to a tension pneumothorax?
A
listen to the lung sounds
12
Q
burns that only affect the epidermis
A
superficial burns (first degree)
13
Q
burns that involve the epidermis and some portion of the dermis
A
partial-thickness burns (second degree)
14
Q
burns through all layers of the skin and involve subcutaneous layers, muscle, bone, or internal organs; carry white wax looking
A
full-thickness burns (third degree)
15
Q
burn victims are at high risk for what?
A
infection
hypothermia
hypovolemia
shock
16
Q
emergency care for burns
A
stop burning process w/ a lot of water
use dry, sterile, burn dressing
treat for shock
17
Q
a wound of the superficial layer of the skin
A
abrasion
18
Q
a jagged cut in the skin caused by a sharp object out a blunt force that tears tissue
A
laceration
19
Q
a sharp, smooth cut
A
incision
20
Q
an injury that separates various layers of soft tissue so they become either completely detached or hang as a flap
A
avulsion
21
Q
treating an avulsion
A
replace flat avulsed flap in its original position if possible, then do steps to bleeding control
22
Q
an injury resulting from a sharp, piercing object
A
penetrating wound
23
Q
objects that penetrate the skin but remains in place
A
impaled object
24
Q
the displacement of organs outside the body
A
evisceration
25
treatment for an evisceration
cover the wound w/ sterile gauze moistened w/ sterile saline solution and cover it w/ the plastic package
26
infected with rabies
rabid
27
lung collapses, no expansion
absent lung sounds
a lot of air in "potential space"
tension pneumothorax
28
symptoms of pericardial tamponade
narrow pulse pressure
| muffled heart sounds
29
decreased lung sounds
respiratory distress
little air in the "potential space"
pneumothorax
30
emergency treatment of bites
apply a dry, sterile dressing
immobilize the area w/ a splint or bandage
provide transport to ED
31
a pattern of injuries seen after a severe force is applied to the chest, forcing blood from great vessels back into the head and neck
traumatic asphyxia
32
bruising of heart muscle
myocardial contusion
33
causes immediate cardiac arrest and v-fib
| direct blow to the chest
commit cordis
34
s/s of Becks triad
listened jugular vein
narrowing pulse pressure
muffled heart sounds
35
cardiovascular system consists of 3 parts
pump
container
the fluid
36
what is the pump in the cardiovascular system?
the heart
37
what is the container in the cardiovascular system?
blood vessels that reach the cells in the body
38
what is the fluid in the cardiovascular system?
blood and body fluids
39
the smallest bronchioles of arteries leading top the vast network of capillaries
arterioles
40
a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
arteries
41
the small blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules; various substances pass through capillary walls, into and out of the interstitial fluid, and then onto the cells
capillaries
42
the blood vessels that carry from the tissues to the heart
veins
43
very small, thin-walled blood vessels
venules
44
cells in the brain and spinal cord will start to die after how long w/o perfusion?
4-6. minutes
45
how long can the lungs survive w/o adequate perfusion?
15-20 minutes
46
kidneys can survive how long w/o adequate perfusion?
45 minutes
47
skeletal muscle starts to damage after how long w/o adequate perfusion?
2 hours
48
how much blood can the body lose until adverse changes start to happen?
2 liters
49
arterial bleeding
bright red and spurts out
50
venous bleeding
dark red and steady flow
51
capillary bleeding
dark red and oozes out slowly
52
a hereditary condition in. which the patient lacks one or more of the bloods normal clotting factors
hemophilia
53
common causes of non-traumatic internal bleeding
bleeding ulcers
bleeding from the colon
aneurysms
ruptured ectopic pregnancy
54
coughing up bright red blood
hemoptysis
55
blood in the urine
hematuria
56
vomiting of blood
hematemesis
57
black, foul smelling tarry stool that contains digested blood due to GI bleeding
melena
58
first signs of hypovolemic shock
anxiety
| restlessness
59
steps to bleeding control
direct pressure
elevation
pressure dressings (if blood is manageable)
tourniquets if necessary
60
epistaxis
nosebleed
61
blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscles
coronary arteries
62
lack of oxygen that derives tissues of necessary nutrients
ischemic
63
how much blood can one side of the chest cavity hold?
3 liters
64
what not to do after applying a tourniquet?
loosen it or take it off
65
what does our skin protect us from?
external forces and infection
66
what are 3 types of soft tissue injuries?
open injuries
closed injuries
burns
67
injuries in which damage occurs beneath the skin or mucous membrane but the surface of the skin remains intact
closed injuries
68
injuries in which there is break in the surface of the skin or the mucous membrane, exposing deeper tissue to potential contamination
open injuries
69
injuries in which soft tissue damage occurs as a result of thermal/frictional heat, toxic chemicals, electricity, or nuclear radiation
burns
70
cells within the dermis are damaged and small blood vessels are torn (bruise)
contusion
71
blood collected within the body tissues or in a body cavity
hematoma
72
what happens during a hematoma?
a large blood vessel is damaged and bleeds rapidly
73
an injury that occurs when a great amount of force is applied to the body
crushing injury
74
significant metabolic derangement that develops when crushed extremities or body parts remain trapped for prolonged periods, can lead to renal failure and death
crush syndrome
75
swelling in a confined space that produces dangerous pressure, loss of CMS distal to the injury
compartment syndrome
76
what can cause rectal bleeding?
sexual assault, rectal foreign bodies, hemorrhoids, colitis, ulcers of the digestive tract
77
a one way valve that allows air to leave the chest cavity but not return
flutter valve
78
a collection of blood in the plural cavity
hemothorax
79
accumulation of blood and air in the pleural space of the chest
hemopnuemothorax
80
how to treat a sucking chest wound?
use occlusive dressing
tape 3 sides
then listen to lung sounds
81
an open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound
sucking chest wound
82
average tidal volume for a man
500 mL
83
an injury to the chest in which the skin is not broken
closed chest injury
84
an injury to the chest in which the chest wall itself is penetrated by a fractured rib or by a external object
open chest injury
85
more severe and often causes blood to drain into throat causing nausea and vomiting
posterior nosebleeds
86
originate from the area of the septum and bleed fairly slowly
anterior nosebleeds
87
characterized by bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye
hyphema
88
how do you remove a hard contact lens?
use a small suction cup, moistening the end w/saline
89
when is its okay to remove a contact lens in the field?
a chemical burn in the eye
90
produces flashing lights, specks, or floaters in field of vision
retinal detachment
91
a fracture of the orbit or of the bones that support the floor of the orbit
blow out fractures
92
how to treat for thermal burns in the eye?
cover both eyes w/ sterile dressing moistened w/ sterile saline
provide transport
93
how long do you flush the eye?
20 minutes
94
how do you flush the eye?
use normal saline and flush from medial to lateral
95
inner surface of the eyelids
conjunctiva
96
clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye
vitreous humor
97
when to use occlusive dressings?
JVD
| sucking chest wound
98
very penetrating and easily passes through the body and solid materials
gamma
99
what are considered minor burns?
full thickness burns covering less than 2% of the body surface area
partial-thickness burns covering less than 15% of the body total surface area
superficial burns covering less than 50% of the body total surface area
100
what are considered moderate burns?
full thickness burns involving 2% to 10% of the body total surface area (excluding hands, feet, face, genitalia, and upper airway)
partial thickness burns covering 15 to 30% of the body total surface
superficial burns covering more than 50% of the body total surface area
101
what are considered critical burns?
full thickness burns involving the hands, feet, face, upper airway, or genitalia or circumferential burns of other areas
full thickness burns covering more than 105 of the body total surface area
partial-thickness burns covering more than 30% of the body total surface area
burns associated w/ respiratory injury
burns on patients younger than 5 and older than 55
