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Emt > Ch 17, 18, 19 > Flashcards

Ch 17, 18, 19 Flashcards

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1
Q

different types of headaches

A

tension headaches
migraines
sinus headaches

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2
Q

caused by muscle contractions in the head and the neck and are attributed to stress; pain feels like a squeezing, dull, or an ache

A

tension headaches

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3
Q

caused by changes of blood vessel size in the base of the brain; pain is described as pending, throbbing, or pulsating

A

migraine

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4
Q

caused by pressure that is the result of fluid accumulation in the sinus cavities

A

sinus headaches

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5
Q

an interruption of blood flow to an area within the brain that results in the loss of brain function

A

cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke

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6
Q

2 types of stroke

A

ischemic

hemorrhagic

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7
Q

when blood flow to a particular part of the brain its stopped by a blockage (blood clot) inside the blood vessel

A

ischemic stroke

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8
Q

a blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system

A

thrombosis

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9
Q

a blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage

A

embolus

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10
Q

occurs as result of bleeding inside the brain

A

hemorrhagic stroke

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11
Q

a swelling or enlargement of the wall artery resulting from a defect or weakening of the arterial wall

A

aneurysm

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12
Q

a disorder of the brain in which brain cells temporarily stop functioning because of insufficient oxygen, causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours of onset

A

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

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13
Q

what can TIA be a warning sign of?

A

a more significant stroke may occur in the future

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14
Q

s/s of a stroke

A 
worst headache ever
hemiparesis 
unequal pupils 
slow pulse
aphasia
dysarthria
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15
Q

ability to speak, but unable to understand speech

A

receptive aphasia

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16
Q

inability to speak correctly, but able to understand

A

expressive aphasia

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17
Q

slurred speech

A

dysarthria

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18
Q

the period following a seizure that lasts 5-30 minutes; characterized by labored respirations and some degree altered mental status; phase which the brain recovers from the experience

A

postictal state

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19
Q

a neurological episode caused by a surge of electrical activity in the brain

A

seizure

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20
Q

what is the number one risk factor for a stroke?

A

hypertension

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21
Q

how to position the patient who experiences a stroke?

A

position patient on the side of motor deficiency; reverse trendelenburgs

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22
Q

a seizure characterized by severe twitching of all the body muscles that may last several minutes or more, (grand mal)

A

generalized seizure

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23
Q

a seizure affecting a limited portion of the brain, (focal)

A

partial seizure

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24
Q

simple partial(focal) seizure

A

no changes in the patients level of consciousness, may cause muscle twitching also may report numbness, weakness, or dizziness, and brief paralysis

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25
complex partial seizure
the patient has an altered mental status and does not interest normally with his or her environment
26
how long do generalized seizures last?
3-5 minutes
27
seizure may last for just seconds, after which the patient fully recovers with only a brief lapse of memory of the event, (petit mal)
absence seizure
28
lack of recovery between 2 seizures > 5 minutes of continuous convulsive seizures 3 discrete convulsions within an hour 30 minutes of continuous focal, partial, or absence seizures
status epilepticus
29
seizures that result from sudden high fever
febrile seizure
30
weakness on one side of the body
hemiparesis
31
mnemonic to use when reviewing possible causes of altered mental status
AEIOUTIPS
32
blood clot dissolving methods too mechanically remove the blood clot may reverse stroke symptoms and even stop stroke if given within 3 hours or 6 hours of the onset symptoms
thrombolytic therapy
33
involves altercations in smell, taste, visual perception, hearing, and emotional state
the aura phase
34
tonic-clonic
the tonic phase, consisting of increased muscle tone (rigidity), is allowed why the clonic phase, which involves jerking of the extremities (3-5 mins)
35
treatment for seizure
protect from harm maintain a clear airway by placing in recovery position and suction as needed if no longer seizing provide oxygen as quickly as possible (blow by during seizure)
36
inflammation of the peritoneum
peritonitis
37
paralysis of the muscular contractions that normally propel material through the intestine
ileus
38
inflammation in small pockets at weak areas in the muscle walls
diverticulitis
39
inflammation of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
40
what nerves supply the parietal peritoneum?
the nerves from the spinal cord that supply the skin of the abdomen
41
what sensations can the parietal peritoneum and the skin of the abdomen perceive?
pain, touch, heat, pressure, and cold
42
what is the visceral peritoneum supplied by?
autonomic nervous system
43
what does visceral peritoneum produce?
referred pain
44
pain felt in an area of the body other than the area where the cause of the pain located
referred pain
45
allowing the acid to eat into the organ itself
ulcer
46
inflammation of the pancreas
pancreatitis
47
inflammation or infection of the appendix
appendicitis
48
bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract
gastrointestinal hemorrhage
49
occurs when the lining of the esophagus becomes inflamed
esophagitis
50
a condition in which the sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach opens, allowing stomach acid to move up into the esophagus, usually resulting in a burning sensation inn the chest
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
51
occurs when the amount of pressure within the blood vessels surrounding the esophagus increases
esophageal varices
52
a tear in the junction between the esophagus and the stomach, causing severe bleeding; vomiting is the principal syndrome
mallory-weirs tear
53
created by swelling and inflammation of the blood vessels surrounding the rectum
hemorrhoids
54
solid crystalline masses formed in the kidney, resulting from an excess of insoluble salts or uric acid crystallizing in the urine; may become trapped anywhere along the urinary tract
kidney stones
55
acute kidney failure
kidney is decreased in function; can be reversed with prompt diagnosis and treatment
56
chronic kidney failure
is irreversible and develops over months and years; eventually the patient will need a transplant or may require dialysis
57
a profusion of an organ or tissue through a hole or opening into a body cavity where it doesn't belong
hernia
58
complete obstruction of blood circulation in a given organ as result of compression or entrapment; an emergency situation causing death of tissue
strangulation
59
inflammation of the bladder
cystitis
60
bright red blood in the stool
hematochezia
61
a patient with hematemesis and a history of too much drinking of alcohol is what kind of patient?
esophageal varices patient
62
chemical substances produced by a gland that regulates the activity of organs and tissues
hormones
63
one of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism
glucose
64
necessary for glucose to enter the cells for metabolism
insulin
65
2 hormones that play a major role in glucose metabolism
glucagon | insulin
66
a metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugars) is impaired, usually because a lack of insulin
diabetes mellitus
67
a state in which the blood glucose level is above normal
hyperglycemia
68
a state in which the blood glucose level is below normal
hypoglycemia
69
normal range of blood glucose (normoglycemia)
70-120 mg/dL
70
an autoimmune disorder in which the individuals immune system produces antibodies against the pancreatic beta cells
type 1 diabetes
71
frequent, plentiful urination
polyuria
72
frequent drinking to satisfy continuous thirst
polydipsia
73
excessive eating
polyphagia
74
deep, rapid breathing
kussmaul respirations
75
a form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
76
a condition in which insulin resistance develops in response to increased blood glucose levels; can be managed by exercise and diet modification
type 2 diabetes
77
what happens when diabetes happens?
the pancreas produces more insulin attempt to make up for the increased levels of blood glucose and dysfunction of cellular insulin receptors
78
s/s of diabetic ketoacidosis
``` vomiting abdominal pain dry warm skin "fruit" breath ordor gradual onset of s/s kussmaiul respirations ```
79
s/s of diabetic coma
kussmaul respirations dehydration "fruity" breath odor varying degrees of unresponsiveness
80
a life threatening condition of resulting from high blood glucose that typically occurs in older. adults, and which causes altered mental status, dehydration, and organ damage
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)
81
3 types of oral glucose preparation
rapid dissolving gel large chewable tablet form liquid formation
82
contraindication for oral glucose
inability to swallow | unconsciousness
83
what are patients with hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia mistaken for?
being intoxicated
84
what can seizures be caused by?
hypoglycemia
85
3 disorders that can create a prehospital emergency
sickle cell disease hemophilia thrombophilia
86
an inherited blood disorder that affects the red blood cells
sick cell disease
87
ischemia and rain caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body
vasoocclusive crisis
88
what can people with sickle cell disease experience ?
hypoxia
89
complications associated with sickle cell disease
``` anemia gallstones jaundice splenic dysfunction vascular occlusion with ischemia ```
90
signs of hyperglycemia
polyuria polydipsia polyphagia
91
a congenital abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots, which results in uncontrollable bleeding
hemophilia
92
a disorder in the b odyssey ability to maintain the viscosity and smooth flow of blood through the venous and arterial systems
thrombophilia
93
a common medical problem in sedentary patients and in patients who have had recent injury or surgery
deep vein thrombosis
94
signs of insulin shock
pale, moist skin recent insulin injection w/o eating may cause fainting, seizure, or coma ALOC
95
treatment for insulin shock
conscious patient -administer oral glucose unconscious patient -will need IV glucose (not an EMT skill)

Emt (10 decks)

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