Ch 12 Nervous Tissue

Question 1

What are the 3 primary functions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

1. Sensory
2. Interpretation
3. Motor function

Question 2

what composes the CNS?

Answer 2

1. Brain
2. Spinal Cord

Question 3

What composes the PNS?

Answer 3

1. Any nerve outside the CNS
2. ANS (autonomic nervous system)

Question 4

what does the ANS compose of?

Answer 4

1. Sympathetic Nervous System
2. Parasympathethic Nervous System

Question 5

what are the cells of the nervous system?

Answer 5

1. Neurons
2. Neuroglia

Question 6

what type of neuron is sensory

Answer 6

They are afferent - because they are affected from stimulation

Question 7

what type of neuron are interneurons?

Answer 7

Connecting neurons- they cause the signals between afferent and efferent nerves to communicate

Question 8

what type of neurons are motor neurons?

Answer 8

they are efferent - because they cause an effect to set in motion

Question 9

This part of the axon is where storage for the chemical Ach is found

Answer 9

Axon Terminal

Question 10

This part of the axon is the covering or layer of white fatty material that protects and insulates the nerve fiber and increases speed of transmission

Answer 10

Myelin Sheath

Question 11

This part of the axon is the gaps inbetween the myelin sheath and allow for impulses to travel quicker

Answer 11

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 12

what are the neuroglia cells of the CNS?

Answer 12

1. Astrocytes
2. Oligodendrocytes
3. Microglia
4. Ependymal Cells

Question 13

what are the neuroglia of the PNS

Answer 13

1. Schwann Cells
2. Satelite Cells

Question 14

what is the purpose of the neuroglia?

Answer 14

Support, Protect and nourish the neurons
does not conduct nerve impusle

Question 15

This neuroglia prevents blood toxins from entering the nervous system; BBB

Answer 15

Astrocytes

Question 16

This neuroglia is small than astrocytes

Answer 16

Microglia

Question 17

This neuroglia helps hold nerve fibers together & creates myelin sheath

Answer 17

Oligodendrocytes

Question 18

This neuroglia lines the indisde of the ventricles of the brain and spinal canal and produces CSF

Answer 18

Ependymal Cells

Question 19

This type of neurogila is surrounded by fat cells around the cell body and provides structural support

Answer 19

Satellite cells

Question 20

This type of neurogila forms the myelin sheath that is wrapped around the axon

Answer 20

Schwann Cells

Question 21

where is it hard for the neurons to regenerate?

Answer 21

Central Nervous System

Question 22

which type of neuron allows for the nerve to somewhat regenerate?

Answer 22

Schwann Cells

Question 23

what is neurolemma?

Answer 23

the myelin sheath that is wrapped around the axon

Question 24

What matter has myelinated fibers and is found in both the CNS and PNS

Answer 24

White matter

Question 25

what matter consist of cell bodies, interneurons, and unmyelinated fibers?

Answer 25

Gray Matter

Question 26

Where is gray matter found in the PNS?

Answer 26

Ganglia

Question 27

Where is gray matter found in the CNS?

Answer 27

Nuclei

Question 28

what happens to the charge inside of the cell when depolarization ?

Answer 28

the cells becomes positive from Na++ enters

Question 29

what happens to the charge inside of the cell from repolarization

Answer 29

the cell becomes negative again from K++ reentering

Question 30

what is refractory period?

Answer 30

short period of time when neuron is unresponsive to any stimuli and cannot depolarize

Question 31

what is the charge inside the cell during resting membrane potential

Answer 31

negative from K++

Question 32

What is saltatory conduction?

Answer 32

allows fast movement along the myelinated axons as it allows leaps from one Node of Ranvier to the next.

Question 33

what is the synaptic cleft?

Answer 33

where the presynaptic cleft and postsynaptic cleft meet but don't touch

Question 34

what is the presynaptic cleft

Answer 34

anything before the axon terminal and up the neuron

Question 35

This type of neural circuit is when presynaptic neuron influences several postsynaptic neurons

Answer 35

Diverging Circuits

Question 36

This type of neural circuit is when several presynaptic neurons synapse with one specific postsynaptic neuron

Answer 36

Converging Circuit

Question 37

This type of neural circuit is when a presynaptic neuron causes the postsynaptic neuron to send a series of nerve impulses

Answer 37

Reverberating Circuit

Question 38

This type of neural circuit is when a single presynaptic neuron stimulates a group of neurons, each of which synapses with a common postsynaptic cell

Answer 38

Parallel After-Discharge Circuits

Question 39

What is an example of Diverging circuits

Answer 39

several muscle fibers

Question 40

what is an example of converging circuits

Answer 40

Receptor neuron receiving information from several muscle fibers

Question 41

what is an example of reverberating circuits

Answer 41

Breathing

Question 42

what is an example of parallel after-discharge circuits

Answer 42

quick succession of activities (critical thinking such as mathematical calculations)

Question 43

what causes the central nervous system to repair itself slow or if it happens at all?

Answer 43

Lack of neurolemma

Question 44

what helps the PNS to regenerate and repair itself?

Answer 44

schwann cells and the neurolemma

Question 45

what type of neural circuit could be the cause of epilepsy

Answer 45

Abnormal reverberating circuits

Question 46

what are the 4 possible causes of epilepsy?

Answer 46

1. Brain Damage 2. Toxins 3. Metabolic Disturbance (glucose levels) 4. Infections