Ch 4 The Tissue Level Of Organization Flashcards
1
Q
Groups of cells that are similar to each other in the structure and function
A
Tissues
2
Q
Fluid material between the cells of a tissue
A
Matrix aka Extracellular Matrix
3
Q
Thin watery (mostly blood plasma) with no fibers
A
Extracellular Matrix
4
Q
Gives tissue flexible strength
A
Collagen
5
Q
Gives tissue the ability to stretch and rebound
A
Elastin
6
Q
This structure is the contact point between the cell membrane of tissue cells
A
Cell junction
7
Q
Junction that fuses membranes together
A
Tight junction
8
Q
The junction that circles around cells like a belt
A
Adhering junctions
9
Q
The junction that creates stability between cells so they do not separate
A
Desmosomes
10
Q
The junction that anchors cells to basement membrane and not other cells
A
Hemidesmosomes
11
Q
The junction that is not actually connecting but allow for muscles and nerve impulses to spread as a big unit
A
Gap junction
12
Q
Tissue that covers and lines the body’s cavity
A
Epithelial Tissue
13
Q
what is Epithelial Tissue primary function?
A
- Protection
- Absorption
- Filtration
- Secretion
14
Q
what tissue is avascular
A
Epithelial Tissue
15
Q
cells that are flat and scalelike
A
squamous
16
Q
cells are as tall as they are wide like a cube
A
cuboidal
17
Q
cells are taller than they are wide (like a column)
A
Columnar
18
Q
single layer of cells of the same shape are classified as?
A
Simple
19
Q
Classified by many layers of cells; named for the shape of the cells in the outer layer
A
Stratified
20
Q
which layer is the most important & it is used for being named
A
The top layer
21
Q
Characteristics of simple squamous
A
- thing layer of flat cells
- Thinnest of all epithelium
22
Q
what is the function of simple squamous
A
- gas exchange in lungs
- Blood filtration in kidneys
23
Q
what is the characteristics of simple cuboidal
A
- Cubed
- Single layer
24
Q
where is simple cuboidal found
A
- glands
- kidney tubules
25
what is the function of simple cuboidal
\*think of buckets
* absorbs water and electrolytes
* Secrete enzymes and hormones
26
Characteristics of simple columnar epithelium
* single layer of column shaped cells
27
Where is Simple Columnar epithelium found
The lining of the digestive tract
28
what is the function of Simple Columnar epithelium
* Protection
* Absorption
* Secretion
29
what is the characteristics of Psuedostratified Columnar Epithelium
Single layer of column Shaped Cells but appear to have multiple layers
30
where is psuedostratified Columnar epithelium found
Found in large ducts of glands and male urethra
31
what is the function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium
* Absorption
* Secretion
32
Characteristics of Stratified squamous epithelium
* Several Layers under a single layer of flat squamous
33
where is the location of Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Superficial layer of the skin
34
what is the function of Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Protection from sunlight and bacteria
35
Characteristics of Stratified Columnar Epithelium
* Single layer of columnar cells that appear multi-layered
36
Characteristics of Stratified Columnar Epithelium
* Single layer of columnar that appears multilayered
37
The name for the top layer surface of epithelial is called
Apical Surface
38
Location of Stratified Columnar Epithelium
* Urethra
* Excretory Ducts of large glands
39
what is the function of Stratified Columnar Epithelium
* Protection
* secretion
40
Characteristics of Transitional Epithelium
modified version of stratified squamous epithelium
41
where is Transitional Epithelium found
body organs that need to stretch or expand
* Bladder
42
What are the two types of Glandular Epitheliums?
* Exocrine Glands
* Endocrine Glands
43
The gland that has ducts that leads to the outside of the body
* Sweat, Mucous, Salvia
Exocrine Glands
44
This gland usually goes into fluid like blood, like hormones
Endocrine Glands
45
what type of epithelium are Glandular Epithelium
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
46
What organ does both functions of endocrine and exocrine glands
Pancreas
47
Most abundant type of tissue from all 4 types
Connective Tissue
48
where is connective tissue found
1. Skin
2. Membranes
3. Muscles
4. Bones
5. Nerves
6. All internal organs
49
Fiber of the Extracellular Matrix that resists pulling/stretching and allows flexibility without breaking
Collagen
50
Fiber of the Extracellular Matrix that adds **strength/stability** and helps tissue return to original shape after being stretched
Elastin
51
Fiber of the Extracellular Matrix that supports and strengthens and provides immunity
Reticular
52
what are the fibers of the Extracellular Matrix
Collagen
Elastin
Reticular
53
what are the 8 connective tissues
1. Loose
2. Adipose
3. Reticular
4. Dense
5. Elastic
6. Cartilage
7. Bone
8. Blood
54
Characteristics of Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue
* Mostly widely distributed
* Contains collagen and elastin
55
Characteristics of Adipose Tissue
* Subcutaneous layer
* Fat Tissue
* Insulates the body from heat loss
56
Characteristics of Reticular Tissue
* Thin, delicate, web of interwoven reticular (collagen) fiber
* Forms a framework for lymphoid tissue in the spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow
57
Characteristics of Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue
* Thick bundles of collagen fibers packed closely together
58
Locations of Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue
* Tendons
* Ligaments
* Capsules → eyeballs, kidney, liver
* Fascia → Too much stretch leads to stretch marks
59
Characteristics of elastic
* Allow for stretching and recoil to original shape
60
where is elastic connective tissue found
* Walls of vessels, arteries, or bronchial tubes
61
Characteristics of Cartilage
* Matrix not hard as bone
* Made by chondrocytes
62
Characteristics of Cartilage
* Matrix not hard as bone
* Made by chondrocytes
63
What are the 3 types of Cartilage
1. Hyaline - most abundant
2. Elastic
3. Fibrous- strongest type of cartilage
64
Characteristics of Bone
* Hardest of all connective tissue
* Formed by osteocytes
65
Characteristics of blood
* Its a liquid tissue
* Components:
* Plasma
* RBCs
* WBCs
* Platelets
66
# Reversed prompt
* Mostly widely distributed
* Contains collagen and elastin
Characteristics of Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue
67
# Reversed prompt
* Subcutaneous layer
* Fat Tissue
* Insulates the body from heat loss
Characteristics of Adipose Tissue
68
# Reversed prompt
* what connective tissue Is a Thin, delicate, web of interwoven reticular (collagen) fiber & Forms a framework for lymphoid tissue in the spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow
Characteristics of Reticular Tissue
69
# Reversed prompt
* what is the connective tissue that is thick bundles of collagen fibers packed closely together
Characteristics of Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue
70
# Reversed prompt
* what connective tissue allows for stretching and recoil to original shape
Characteristics of elastic
71
# Reversed prompt
* what is the Matrix not hard as bone but is Made by chondrocytes
Characteristics of Cartilage
71
# Reversed prompt
what is the Hardest of all connective tissue and is Formed by osteocytes
Characteristics of Bone
72
Which structure reduces friction during organ movement, lines bodies cavities, and covers the inner surface of organs
Membranes
73
what are the 3 types of epithelial membrane
1. Cutaneous
2. Serous
3. Mucous
74
Which membrane is composed of various types of tissue but does NOT have epithelial cells
Connective Tissue Membranes
75
what are the 2 layers of Serous Membrane
Epithelial sheet of simple squamous cells with a basement layer of connective tissue
76
What membrane lines the body's cavity and covers the surfaces of organs in those cavities
Serous Membrane
77
Which membrane contains epithelial and fibrous connective tissue layers
Mucous Membrane
78
Which membrane lines the body's surface that are open directly to the exterior of the body
Mucous Membrane
79
This membrane forms Synovial Joints
Connective Tissue Membrane
80
what is a fluid filled sac between moving body parts called?
Bursae
81
Which type of muscle is found in the walls of viscera and walls of blood vessels
Smooth Muscles
82
which muscle type is involuntary and has a striated appearance
Cardiac Muscle
83
Type of tissue that is long, slender, and is referred as fibers
Muscle Tissue
84
Which Nervous Tissue structure transmits electrical signals between brain and spinal cord
Neuron
85
Which nervous tissue structure supports and takes care of the the neuron
Neuroglia
86
Structure of Neuron that contains nucleus
Cell Body
87
Structure of Neuron that transmits signal away from the cell body
Axon
88
Structure of Neuron that Carry impulses toward the cell body
Dendrites
89
This cell junction helps epithelial surface resist separation during various contractile activities, as when food moves through the digestive tract
Adhering Junction
90
This cell junction inhibits the passage of substances between cells and prevents the content from these organs from leaking into the blood or surrounding tissue
Tight Junction
