Ch 6 The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue

Question 1

How many bones are in the human body

Answer 1

206

Question 2

how many bones do babies have in their body

Answer 2

over 300

Question 3

what are the two minerals that are stored in bones

Answer 3

Calcium & Phosphorus

Question 4

what is the function of the skeletal system?

Answer 4

• Produces blood cells
  *Assists with movement
• Protects
• Supports

Question 5

What structure of the long bone is the “shaft” and made of compact/hard bone?

Answer 5

Diaphysis

Question 6

what is the structure of the long bone that is a hollow area inside diaphysis?

Answer 6

Medullary Cavity

Question 7

what structure of the long bone is on the ends, made of spongy/soft bone, majority of the bone marrow is found here

Answer 7

Epiphysis

Question 8

What stucture of the long bone is found on the outer surface of the epiphysis, made of hyaline, & helps decrease friction of a joint

Answer 8

Articular Cartilage

Question 9

What part of the long bone has a strong membrane covering long bones & is a point of attachement for muscles and ligaments

Answer 9

Periosteum

Question 10

what is the thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity

Answer 10

Endosteum

Question 11

where does the periosteum not cover on the long bone

Answer 11

Joint surfaces

Question 12

This type of Osseous (bone) tissue is hard/dense

Answer 12

Compact Bones

Question 13

This type of Osseous (bone) tissue contains microscopic unit called Haversian system

Answer 13

Compact Bones

Question 14

What is the other name for Osteon

Answer 14

Haversian System

Question 15

This type of Osseous (bone) tissue is found in the shafts of the long bone

Answer 15

compact bone

Question 16

This type of Osseous (bone) tissue is less dense and is cancellous bone

Answer 16

Spongy Bones

Question 17

This type of Osseous (bone) tissue is does not have Haversian system, instead tissue is arranged in plates called Trabeculae

Answer 17

Spongy Bones

Question 18

This type of Osseous (bone) tissue is found on the ends of the long bones and in the center of other bones

Answer 18

Spongy Bones

Question 19

Define

This process of cartilage and connective tissue changes into bone

Answer 19

Ossification

Question 20

Define

cells that build new bone

Answer 20

Osteoblasts

Question 21

Define

Cells that breakdown bone tissue, sculpting the inner bone

Answer 21

Osteoclasts

Question 22

Define

Another word for Bone cells

Answer 22

Osteocytes

Question 23

what is the epiphyseal plate composed of?

Answer 23

Zone of:
1. Resting Cartiliage
2. Proliferating Cartiliage
3. Hypertonic Cartiliage
4. Calcified Cartiliage

Question 24

How does longitudial growth occur for bones

Answer 24

cartilage next to the epiphyseal plate continues to multiply and grow towards the diaphysis

Question 25

Which type of bone growth take coordinated effort of osteoclasts and osteoblasts?

Answer 25

Thickness growth

Question 26

This bone growth abnormality over-secretes hormone

Answer 26

gigantism

Question 27

This Bone growth under secretes growth hormone

Answer 27

Dwarfism

Question 28

what are the stages of bone repair

Answer 28

1. Reactive Phase 2. Reparative Phase 3. Bone Remodeling

Question 29

at what stage of bone repair involves cartilage callus formation and when bony callus develops

Answer 29

Reparative Phase

Question 30

This type of fracture causes minimal tissue damage and overlying skin remain intact

Answer 30

Simple fracture

Question 31

This type of fracture is when bone pierces skin, extensive tissue damge, and infection is a concern

Answer 31

Compound fracture (open fracture)

Question 32

This type of fracture is an incomplete break and occurs in children

Answer 32

Green Stick Fracture

Question 33

This type of fracture the bone is splintered, crushed, or broken into small pieces between two main fragments

Answer 33

Comminuted Fracture

Question 34

why does greenstick fractures happen to children most oftenly

Answer 34

their bones contains more organic material than inorganic, not fully ossified

Question 35

type of fracture that the open end is driven forcefully into the interior of the other end

Answer 35

Impacted Fracture

Question 36

This type of fracture is at the distal end of the fibula with distal tibial articulation damage

Answer 36

Pott fracture

Question 37

This fracture is at the distal end of the lateral forearm bone(radius) in which the distal fragments is displaced posteriorly

Answer 37

Colles

Question 38

This fracture is from the vertebral body of one or more vertebrae fractures and becomes compressed into a wedge-shape

Answer 38

Vertebral compression fracture

Question 39

What are some causes of vertebral compression fractures

Answer 39

Trauma Injury People with osteoporosis

Question 40

What are some concerns with femur fractures

Answer 40

Bleeding Shock Fat embolus * Infection

Question 41

What are some concerns with rib fractures

Answer 41

Punctured lungs Difficulty breathing Cyanosis

Question 42

What are some concerns with vertebrae fractures

Answer 42

Spinal cord injury

Question 43

What are some concerns with skull fractures

Answer 43

Brain damage

Question 44

This substance helps control calcium levels by increasing blood calcium levels and removes it from the bone

Answer 44

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 45

This substance helps calcium levels by lowering blood calcium levels and increases bone uptake

Answer 45

Calcitonin

Question 46

Inadequate calcification of the extracellular matrix usually caused by Vit D deficiency

Answer 46

Rickets/Osteomalacia

Question 47

Decreased bone density due to depletion of Ca++

Answer 47

Osteoporosis/Osteopenia