ch 13 Flashcards

(23 cards)

1
Q

violence that is most commonly inflicted by one individual against another or by a small group against another

A

interpersonal violence

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2
Q

the notion that an event occurs as a result of more than one factor

A

multi-causal

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3
Q

dark figure of crime

A

the variation between the number of crimes that occur and the number of crimes that are actually reported to the police

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4
Q

what are the GSS’s 3 measures of violent victimization?

A

assault, sexual assault, and robbery

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5
Q

factors that are associated with crime

A

correlates

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6
Q

violent victimization that does not cause death

A

sub-lethal violent victimization

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7
Q

factors associated with an incident

A

situational characteristics

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8
Q

violent victimization that causes death

A

lethal violence

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9
Q

theories that state certain societal stressors increase the likelihood of crime

A

strain theories

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10
Q

low income or poverty in and of itself

A

absolute deprivation

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11
Q

the perception of unfair disparity between one’s situation and that of others

A

relative deprivation

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12
Q

a culturally idealized form of masculinity

A

hegemonic masculinity

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13
Q

the unequal distribution of resources and services from one area to another

A

spatial inequality

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14
Q

larger numbers of poor people living in certain neighbourhoods means higher levels of violent crime

A

compositional effect

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15
Q

levels of violent crime stem from neighbourhood social context

A

contextual effect

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16
Q

a group’s shared belief that it can come together to achieve desire goals

A

collective efficacy

17
Q

a crime and violence prevention model that is designed to address social and spatial inequalities in urban neighbourhoods

A

safer cities initiatives

18
Q

what does CPSD stand for

A

crime prevention through social development

19
Q

the twin pillars of crime prevention

A

CPTED and CPSD

20
Q

primary level of CPSD

A

universal, population-based programs for everyone such as education and healthcare

21
Q

secondary level of CPSD

A

programs that target those at higher risk for criminal activity

22
Q

tertiary level of CPSD

A

rehabilitative and supervision programs for offenders to reduce re-offending

23
Q

4 CPTED design principles

A

natural access control, natural surveillance, territoriality, and maintenance