Ch. 15 Book Vocab

Question 1

artificial selection

Answer 1

intentional breeding for desirable traits

Question 2

transgenes

Answer 2

foreign genes introduced into plants through genetic engineering

Question 3

Aristotle

Answer 3

• observed grand design in nature and arranged all organisms known to him from the simplext to most complex in what he called the Scale of Nature
• Aristotles arrangement implied that all organisms were static and did not evolve

Question 4

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 4

identified foosils correcltly, that they were previously exisiting organisms that became extinct

Question 5

Georges Cuvier

Answer 5

French zoologist, paleontologist, used comparative anatomy at end of 18th century to classify animals

Question 6

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Answer 6

believed in Inheritance of acquired genetics, stretching of giraffe necks passed on immediately into next offspring

incorrect by inspiring

Question 7

First Revolution

Answer 7

• The first wave of evolution
• Origin of Species by Charles Darwin, natural selection

Question 8

Second Revolution

Answer 8

• second wave of evolution
• Gregor Mendel’s inheritance of traits and population genetics to understand mechanisms

Question 9

Third Revolution

Answer 9

• 3rd wave of evolution
• “evo-devo”
  -homeobox genes

Question 10

convergent evolution

Answer 10

unrelated organisms that evolved similar forms in adaptation

Question 11

natural selection

Answer 11

tendency of populations to adapt to the environment to enhance survival

based on four principles: overproduction, struggle for existence, inheritance and accumulation of favorable variations, and survival and reproduction of the fittest

Question 12

mutation

Answer 12

heritable change in gene or chromosome

Question 13

deletion mutation

Answer 13

chromosome breaks off and is lost

Question 14

translocation mutation

Answer 14

piece of a chromosome may become attached to another

Question 15

inversion mutation

Answer 15

part of a chromosome may break off and then become reattached in an inverted position