Ch. 16 Part 1

Question 1

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 1

two phrase name attempted to classify plants 1st; two latin words

Question 2

Linnaeus

Answer 2

established bionomial nomenclature in 1750s

Question 3

What is the ICBN

Answer 3

International code of Botanical Nomenclature

Question 4

Phylocode

Answer 4

used by taxnomists to govern phylogenetic nomenclature and to name clades; new data always has potential to change relationships

Question 5

When did the Kingdom concept develop?

Answer 5

3rd kingdom developed in 1860s, Protista

In 1938 Monera was for prokaryotes

as of 1969, 5 kingdoms total

Question 6

Describe classifcation

Answer 6

Genera grouped into families, families grouped into orders, orders grouped into classes, classes grouped into phyla, phyla into kingdoms, etc…..

Kindgom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 7

Describe the grammar of classifcation names

Answer 7

Genus capitalized, species lowercase(and its called specific epithet), author who named plant initial after name, all in italics

Question 8

Name the three domains

Answer 8

Bacteria & Archaea(prokaryote), Eukarya(eukayrote)

Question 9

taxonomist

Answer 9

name classify organisms

Question 10

dichotomous key

Answer 10

help identify organisms, choose features and structures/paired statements that most apply to the organism to eventually reach a conclusion

Question 11

Name the six species concepts

Answer 11

morphological, interbreeding, ecological, phylogenetic, eclectic, nominalistic

Question 12

Describe the morphological species concept

Answer 12

defined by growth form, heavy examination

subjective

computers aid this process noq

Question 13

Describe interbreeding species concept

Answer 13

population capable of breeding and reproductively isolated from other groups

can become problematic

Question 14

ecological species concept

Answer 14

species is a group of related indiivduals that occupy unique ecological niches; assume evolution is from ecological differences

Question 15

ecletic species concept

Answer 15

argues single criterion is not sufficient to identify species; multiple areas of criteria must be considered to create more accuracy (although can become subjective)

Question 16

phylogenetic species concept

Answer 16

have common evolutionary background, involves cladistics, relationships are shared features aka character states, always includes many hypotheses

Question 17

Nominalistic species concept

Answer 17

species do not exist