Ch. 17 Part 1

Question 1

fDescribe prokaryotes

Answer 1

no nuclear envelope, no membrane bound organelles, long circular strand of DNA; ribosomes, plasmids, membranes

Question 2

Bacteria motility

Answer 2

colonial filamentous, each cell independent (no protplasmic connection), some motile while most are not

Question 3

Bacteria Nutrition

Answer 3

absorption through the cell wall, reproduction dominantly asexual by fission (no mitosis, DNA duplicated and distributed to other cells)

Question 4

Describe notable cellular details of Bacteria

Answer 4

performs similar function to eukaryotes, have ribosomes have the size of those of eukaryotes, has nucleoid (single chromosome that is ring-shaped), 30-40 plasmids present

Question 5

Describe Fission

Answer 5

involves no mitosis

migrates duplicated chromosome to opposite ends, walls form in middle, separate and enlarge to og size, happens every 10-20 minutes, accumulates waste and uses energy

Question 6

Genetic recombination

Answer 6

no gametes, zygotes, or meiosis

DNA transferred from one cell to another through conjugation (DNA of donor strand migrates through pilus to recipient), transfer (living cell get DNA from dead), and transduction (transfer of DNA by virus)

Question 7

Name 3 forms of bacteria

Answer 7

cocci, bacilli, spirilla

Question 8

cocci

Answer 8

bacteria shape, spherical/elliptical

Question 9

bacilli

Answer 9

bacteria shape, pill-like

Question 10

spirilla

Answer 10

bacteria shape, helix

Question 11

Name various ways bacteria are classified

Answer 11

appearance(flagella? colonies? sheath?)

biochemical classification (energy source, pH, cell wall makeup, fermentation, bioluminenscence)

cultural capability in lab (rxn to dye in cell wall, gram neg vs gram post)

Question 12

Autotrophic bacteria

Answer 12

synthesize simple organic substances

accompolished without producing oxygen or with producing oxygen

Question 13

Chemotrophic bacteria

Answer 13

obtain energy from various compounds or elements through oxidation (iron, sulfur, hydrogen bacteria)

Question 14

Name the modes of access of disease with bacteria

Answer 14

access from air

acess through contamination of food and drink

access through direct contact of wounds, insect bites, etc.

Question 15

Describe how bacteria spreads disease through air

Answer 15

whooping cough, strep throat, tuberculosis, pneumonia, cough, sneeze, saliva droplets with bacteria

Question 16

Describe how bacteria spreads through fodd and drink contamination

Answer 16

cholera, dysentery, botulism, E.coli, food diseases, poisoning

Question 17

Describe how bacteria spreads through direct contact of open wounds

Answer 17

lyme disease (ticks bite!), syphillis, tetanus, gangrene, bubonic plague (bites)

Question 18

Describe 4 statements of Kock’s postulates

Answer 18

The postulates help prove cause of disease

1 - present in all cases defending it
2 - isolated in pure culture
3 - pure culture able to infect host
4 - must be able to be compared from experimentally infected host

Question 19

CYanobacteria

Answer 19

blue-green bacteria/algae

prokaryotic cells, considered true bacteria

have phycobilins to produce their colors

can fix nitrogen and produce oxygen

Question 20

Where is cyanobacteria found?

Answer 20

diverse habitats, bare lava after volcanic eruption, desert rocks, jungle soils, shells of turtles and snails, amoebae and other protozoans

Question 21

Cyanobacteria form, metabolism, and reproduction

Answer 21

in hairlike filaments, in colonies

color from green chlorophyll a and blue phycocyanin

produce nibtrgenous food called cyanophycin

filaments can allow rotation

do not produce gametes or zygotes, do not undergo meiosis