Ch 19 Part 1

Question 1

Hyphae

Answer 1

indvidual threads

Question 2

mycelium

Answer 2

mass of hyphae

Question 3

ecnomic impacts of fungi

Answer 3

food spoilage, disease

Question 4

mycologist

Answer 4

study fungi

Question 5

Differences between kingdom protista and fungi

Answer 5

 True fungi filamentous or unicellular heterotrophs
 Most absorb food solution through cell walls
 Chitin in cell walls
 Chytrids only exception to filamentous
 Most lack motile cells
 Fungi kingdom has five phyla
 Recent DNA studies have place fungi more closely with animals than plants

Question 6

Phylum Chytridiomycota

Answer 6

simple, mostly one-celled, some parasitic, some saprobic

 Some consists of spherical cell with colorless branching threads (rhizoids) at one end of anchorage
 Spme develop short hyphae or even complete mycelia that is coenocytic

Question 7

saprobic

Answer 7

feed on nonliving organic material

Question 8

coenocytic

Answer 8

without crosswalls

Question 9

Chytrid reproduction

Answer 9

• Primitive considerations
• Many reporudce only asexually
  o Soozpores, spherical cells
• Sexual reproduction by fusion of haploid gametes
  o Zygote undergoes meiosis and often resting spore

Question 10

Zygomycota

Answer 10

 Bread molds
 Black bread molds
 Rhizopus
 Black stalks with ball on end with spores

Question 11

Zygomycota sexual reproduction

Answer 11

• When two diff strains of nuclei encounter each other and fuse
• Upon fusion, walls form and diploid nuclei form
• Nuclei of two strains fuse in pairs

Question 12

Zygomycota asexual reproduction

Answer 12

• Coenocytic hypae with numerous haploid nuclei
   Sporangiophores grow upright and produce sporangia at tipes
• Black spores

Question 13

Human use of coenocytic fungi

Answer 13

o Food sources: tempeh
o Industrial: pharmaceuticals
o Pigemtns: yellow

Question 14

Phylum Ascomycota

Answer 14

o Asexual repro: Single or chains of conidia produced at tips pf hyphae called conidiophores; budding – yeasts (since they have no hyphae, instead have buds)
o Truffles are reproductive bodies
o Yeast, powdery mildews, ergot
o Most produce mycelia with hyphae partitioned into individual cylindrical cells

Question 15

Ergot fungus (ascomycota)

Answer 15

 May infect rye and other grains
 Ergotism may occur in those who eat contaminated bread
 Ergot drugs medicinally useful in small doses

Question 16

Morels and truffles, yeast (ascomycota)

Answer 16

 Food: morels and truffles, yeast
 Fermentation produces ethyl alcohol – wines, beers,
* Co2 caues bread ddoughto rise and gives it porous texture
 Eopineprine
 B vitamins

Question 17

Diseases in Ascomycota

Answer 17

Dutch elm disease is caused by Ophiostoma ulmi; Once controlled with DDT; Bio controls are boing sought
 Chestnut blight: Control measures not successful
 Oak wilt: Control measures not successful
 Peach leaf curl: Sprays with copper zinc salts seem to inhibit the germination of spore

Question 18

Phylum Basidiomycota

Answer 18

o Club fingi
o Mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, shelf fungi, rusts, smuts, jelly fungi
o Common names describe fruiting bodies
o Vegeative bodies look like a white fluffy mass and hidden in soil
o Club fungi is shape of hyphae, what name is based on

Question 19

Basidiomycota asexual reproduction

Answer 19

makes buds

Question 20

Basidiomycota sexual reproduction

Answer 20

 Each cell hyphae has single haploid nucleus
 Hyphae of individual mating types unite and intiaated new mycelium, called dikaryotic hyphae; cell has one nucleus from each original mating type
 Sometimes have little, walled-ff bypass loops called clamp connections that ensure each cell will have one nucleus of each original mating type