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Human Anatomy > Ch. 16 Brain > Flashcards

Ch. 16 Brain Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Function of the Brain

A

Nerve tracts: Myelinated; white matter

Bring information into the brain (sensory)

Transport information out of the brain (motor)

Transport information among the centers of the brain

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2
Q

Nuclei

A

Small centers of brain function; processing non-myelinated, gray matter

Sort incoming information or outgoing information into the appropriate areas or nerves

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3
Q

Cerebellum

A

Function: Muscle coordination.

Consists of arbor vitae, folia, anterior and posterior lobes

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4
Q

Cerebrum

A

Process sensory information, speech and language, emotions, etc.

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5
Q

Ventricles

A

Interventricular foramen
Lateral (anterior, posterior, inferior)
Third

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6
Q

Brain Stem

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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7
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A 
Contains nuclei for processing of basic information
	Cranial nerves (V, IX, X, XI, XII)
	Heart rate			Respiration
	Swallowing			Vomiting
	Coughing 			Sneezing

Structures: Pyramids, decussate, olive

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8
Q

Pons

A
  • Contains ascending and descending nerve tracts
  • Nuclei relay information to cerebrum and cerebellum
  • Nuclei for cranial nerves (V, VI, VII, VIII, IX)
  • Sleep center and respiratory center
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9
Q

Midbrain (mesencephalon) Structures

A

Tectum, Tegmentum, Superior colliculus, Medial lemniscus, Red nucleus

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10
Q

Reticular formation

A

Several nuclei in the brain stem

Regulate cycles such as the sleep cycle

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11
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A
  • Similar to blood serum without the proteins
  • Circulation in the brain (nutrients, waste and signals)
  • Cushioning for the brain
  • Blood brain barrier prevents movement of most molecules into the CSF
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12
Q

Meninges (Surface to Deep)

A

Protective Coverings:

  • Dura Mater
  • Subdural space
  • Arachnoid Mater
  • Subarachnoid space
  • Pia Mater
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13
Q

Dura mater

A

Very tough connective tissue; dense irregular connective tissue. Bound to bones of skull

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14
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Wispy, spider-web like

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15
Q

Pia mater

A

Membrane bound to surface of brain

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16
Q

Subdural space

A

Small space containing serous fluid

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17
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Blood vessels present, contains cerebrospinal fluid

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18
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Highly permeable capillaries in the ventricles.

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19
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

Astrocytes wrap around capillaries and tightly control the environment of the neurons.

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20
Q

Pyramids

Structure on Medulla Oblongata

A

Descending nerve tracts for control of skeletal muscles

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21
Q

Decussate

Structure on Medulla Oblongata

A

Forms an X in nerve tracts. Brain hemispheres control opposite side of the body

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22
Q

Olive

Structure on Medulla Oblongata

A

Nuclei involved in Balance, Coordination, Sound from ear

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23
Q

Tectum

Structure in the midbrain

Study These Flashcards
A

consists of quadrigemina colliculus:

  • Two superior colliculi: Visual reflexes (head turns toward light)
  • Two inferior colliculi: Auditory reflex (head turns toward sound)
24
Q

Tegmentum

Structure in the midbrain

Study These Flashcards
A

carries information from spinal cord to brain

25
Red nuclei | Structure in the midbrain
Regulate and coordinate motor activities
26
Cerebral peduncle | Structure in the midbrain
Descending tracts carrying motor | information from the cerebrum to the spinal cord
27
Superior, middle and inferior peduncles | Structure of the cerebellum
Nerve tracts connect the cerebellum to the brain stem
28
Folia | Structure of the cerebellum
Ridges in the cerebellar cortex
29
Arbor vitae | Structure of the cerebellum
White matter (nerve tracts)
30
The flocculonodular lobe | Structure of the cerebellum
Balance and eye movement
31
Medial portion of hemispheres | Structure of the cerebellum
Posture, locomotion and fine motor control
32
Lateral hemispheres | Structure of the cerebellum
planning, practice and learning complex movement
33
Diencephalon Structures
- Corpus callosum - Pineal gland - Pituitary gland - Thalamus - Hypothalamus - Epithalamus - Subthalamus
34
Thalamus
ALL sensory neurons (except olfaction) go through the thalamus projections into the cerebral cortex i. e. - Medial geniculate nucleus: Auditory - Lateral geniculate nucleus: Visual - Ventral posterior nucleus: Other sensory - Ventral anterior and posterior nuclei: Motor function - Anterior and medial nuclei: Fear, rage through limbic - Lateral dorsal nucleus: Emotions - Lateral posterior and pulvinar nuclei: Sensory
35
Subthalamus
- Contains nerve tracts (ascending and descending) | - Subthalamic nuclei: Control motor functions
36
Epithalamus
- Habenular nuclei: Emotional response to odors | - Pineal gland: Onset of puberty? Sleep cycle
37
Hypothalamus (Structures)
- Mammillary bodies - Infundibulum - Pituitary gland
38
Hypothalamus (Functions)
- Autonomic: Heart rate, urine release, digestive movement, blood vessel diameter - Endocrine: Central control for the endocrine system - Muscle control: Swallowing and shivering - Body temperature: Sweat, shivering, where aspirin reduces fever - Food and water intake: Hunger and thirst centers - Emotions: Fear and rage - Sleep cycle: Jet lag?
39
Cerebrum (Some Structures)
- Sulcus and gyrus - Cerebral cortex (surface) - Cerebral medula (deep)
40
Cerebrum Fibers
Commissural fibers: Corpus callosum, connects right and left hemispheres Association fibers: Connections within a hemisphere Projection fibers: connections to spinal cord
41
Limbic system
Cerebrum and diencephalon | Function: Memory, reproduction, nutrition, emotions
42
Olfactory Nerve (I)
Sensory nerves associated with smell Goes from the inside of the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb
43
Optic nerve (II)
Sensory nerves associated with vision Goes through the optic foramen/canal
44
Oculomotor nerve (III)
Motor neurons to most of the muscles that move the eye Parasympathetic (autonomic) to the sphincter of the pupil and ciliary muscle of the lens Goes through the superior orbital fissure
45
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Motor neuron for one muscle (superior oblique) in the eye (as opposed to four like the other nerve) Named trochlear because of where the muscle connects, the trochlea Goes through the superior orbital fissure
46
Trigeminal (V)
Tri = three major nerve branches: forehead, maxilla, and mandible Mixed motor and sensory neurons
47
Ophthalmic branch | Trigeminal
Superior orbital fissure Sensory from scalp and forehead
48
Maxillary branch | Trigeminal
Foramen rotundum Sensory from upper jaw, teeth, nasal cavity, upper lip
49
Mandibular branch | Trigeminal
Foramen ovale Sensory from lower jaw, teeth, tongue, chin, temporal region Motor to masseter, temporalis, digastric, etc.
50
Abducent nerve (VI)
Motor neuron to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye (abducts the eye)
51
Facial nerve (VII)
Internal auditory meatus and Stylomastoid foramen Sensory for taste, external ear, palate Motor function for facial muscles, facial expression Parasympathetic to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal gland, glands in nasal cavity
52
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
Internal auditory meatus Sensory for hearing and balance (Cochlea is the shell looking thing that is where you hear; Vestibular is sensory for balance)
53
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Sensory for taste, pharynx, palatine tonsils, tongue, middle ear Motor for stylopharyngeus Parasympathetic for parotid salivary glands, glands on tongue (Pharynx and tongue; Has to do with glands and taste, throat and tongue)
54
Vagus nerve (X)
Jugular foramen Sensory from pharynx, larynx, abdominal organs, taste Motor function to soft palate, voice, tongue Parasympathetic to thoracic and abdominal organs
55
Accessory nerve (XI)
Motor function for trapezius and sternocleidomastoid Foramen magnum & Jugular foramen (Motor neurons that move your neck)
56
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Motor function for tongue and throat Hypoglossal canal

Human Anatomy (18 decks)

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