Ch. 9 Muscle Tissue

Question 1

Smooth Muscle

Answer 1

Structure: Not striated
Location: Intestine, respiratory, blood vessels
Characteristics: Involuntary, autonomic, nervous, hormones

Question 2

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 2

Structure: Striated
Location: Heart
Characteristics: Involuntary, autonomic nervous, hormones

Question 3

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 3

Structure: Striated
Location: All over the body
Characteristics: Voluntary, learned patterns of movement

Question 4

Functions of Muscle Tissue

Answer 4

• Body movement (In association with the skeleton)
• Stabilizing the body
• Standing upright
• Regulating movement (Sphincter muscles)
• Moving substances within the body (Peristalsis)
• Generating heat (Shivering)

Question 5

Properties of Muscle Tissue

Answer 5

• Contractility: Contract and maintain tension
• Extensibility: Stretch without damage
• Elasticity: Return to original length
• Electrical excitability: Electric signals like a nerve cells

Question 6

Anatomy of a Muscle (Big to Small structures)

Answer 6

Tendon (connects muscle to skeleton), epimysium (outer layer of connective tissue muscle), fascicle (bundles of muscle cells/fibers), perimysium (connective tissue around a fascicle), muscle fiber (cell), myofibril

Question 7

Anatomy of a Muscle (Fascicle)

Answer 7

Perimysium (membrane around a fascicle), endomysium (connective tissue around a muscle fiber, inside a fascicle)

Question 8

Tendon

Answer 8

Connects a muscle to the skeleton

Question 9

Epimysium

Answer 9

Outer layer of connective tissue surrounding a muscle

Question 10

Fascicle

Answer 10

Bundles of muscle cells/fibers

Question 11

Perimysium

Answer 11

Connective tissue around a fascicle

Question 12

Muscle Fiber

Answer 12

Basic functional unit of muscle tissue

Question 13

Endomysium

Answer 13

Connective tissue around a muscle fiber, inside a fascicle

Question 14

Sarcomere

Answer 14

The basic unit of a muscle

Consists of z discs, m line, I bands, A band, and H zone

Question 15

Anatomy of a Muscle (Muscle Fiber)

Answer 15

Sarcolemma (cell membrane), myofibril (bundles of sarcomere’s), filaments

Question 16

Sarcomere (Structure)

Answer 16

Thick Filament: Myosin
Thin Filament: Actin, troponin, and tropomyosin
Structural Proteins: Titin, myomesin

Question 17

Muscle proteins

Answer 17

Myosin
Actin
Troponin
Tropomyosin
Titin
Myomesin

Question 18

Myosin

Answer 18

Contractile protein in thick filament. Has myosin heads and tails to attach to actin

Question 19

Actin

Answer 19

Contractile protein in thin filament

Question 20

Troponin

Answer 20

Regulatory protein in thin filament

Regulates when the muscle contracts and relaxes

Question 21

Tropomyosin

Answer 21

Regulatory protein in thin filament

Question 22

Titin

Answer 22

Structural protein; stretching (“springs”)

Question 23

Myomesin

Answer 23

M line; structural protein

Question 24

Thin filaments

Answer 24

Consists of actin, troponin, and tropomyosin

• Actin has the binding site for the myosin head
• Troponin and tropomyosin regulate the binding of the myosin heads

Question 25

Fused Tetanus

Answer 25

Muscles completely contracted

Question 26

Motor Unit

Answer 26

Lets you control how strong contractions are | Activates muscle fibers, each motor neuron activates a different group of motor units

Question 27

Muscle Fibers

Answer 27

Three very different fibers: slow oxidative, fast oxidative, and fast glycolytic

Question 28

Slow Oxidative Fibers

Answer 28

Thin, aerobic, slow twitch, many capillaries Myoglobin: protein in the muscle that stores oxygen Resistant to fatigue, do not build up waste piles i.e. endurance muscles, repeated motion

Question 29

Fast Oxidative Fibers

Answer 29

Medium thickness, aerobic, fast twitch Many capillaries, myoglobin, high glycogen Moderate resistance to fatigue Middle ground type, between endurance and sprinting

Question 30

Fast Glycolytic Fibers

Answer 30

Very thick, anaerobic, fast, powerful twitch High glycogen, few capillaries, and myoglobin Fatigues easily i.e. Sprinters, powerful

Question 31

Smooth Muscle (Structure)

Answer 31

Intermediate filaments, sarcomeres connected to dense bodies, not always in the same direction Sarcomeres are organized differently

Question 32

Smooth Muscle Physiology

Answer 32

Sliding filament contraction - Slow, long lasting contractions - Contracts further and stretches further - Ca++ diffusion is slow - No T tubules, and very little SR