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Human Anatomy > Ch. 3 - Tissues > Flashcards

Ch. 3 - Tissues Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Body surfaces

  • Cells are attached by cell junctions
  • Epithelial tissue is avascular (lacks circulatory system)
  • Nerves only send projections into tissue
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2
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Connects, supports

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3
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Communication

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4
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Contraction

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5
Q

Apical Surface

A

Toward the lumen (open space)

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6
Q

Basal Surface

A

Toward the basement membrane

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7
Q

Lateral Surface

A

Toward other epithelial cells

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8
Q

Tight Junctions

A

Zip-lock seal (i.e. intestines)

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9
Q

Gap Junctions

A

Tunnels for large molecules

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10
Q

Adherence Junctions

A

Velcro seal, holds cells together

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11
Q

Desmosomes

A

Dots of velcro (adherence junctions)

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12
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

Velcro to basement membrane (half of a desmosome)

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13
Q

Lining epithelium

A

Covers the surfaces of the body (internal and external)

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14
Q

Single layer of Epithelium

A

Simple

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15
Q

More than one layer of Epithelium

A

Stratified

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16
Q

Squamous

A

The cells are much wider than they are tall

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17
Q

Cuboidal

A

The cells are about as wide as they are tall (most common)

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18
Q

Columnar

A

The cells are much taller than they are wide

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19
Q

Simple squamous

A

One layer of squamous cells (i.e. lungs)

Function: Exchange, more permeable

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20
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

Basic cell shape (i.e. in the tubules of kidneys, the pancreas, and the thyroid)

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21
Q

Simple Columnar

A

i.e. in the small intestine.

Functions: Tight junctions seal spaces between cells, and the absorption of nutrients

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22
Q

Stratified squamous

A

Multiple layers and outer layer is squamous (i.e. skin, esophagus, mouth)
Function: Protection against mechanical stress

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23
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

i.e. sweat glands and salivary glands. Very rare

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24
Q

Stratified columnar

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A

Multiple layers of columnar, i.e. in male urethra, epididymis, mammary glands. Very rare

25
Pseudostratified
A single layer that looks like multiple layers, i.e. in the trachea. Function: Mucous cells and cilia remove particles
26
Transitional
Multiple layers, and cells change shape, i.e. in the urinary bladder Function: Can change shape and stretch
27
Glandular epithelium
Epithelium... With glands
28
Endocrine glands
Release substances into the body, i.e. hormones
29
Exocrine Glands
Release substances into the surface, i.e. Sweat glands, mucous cells
30
Merocrine glands
The final production of the product is in the golgi complex Transported through vesicles and secreted through exocytosis i.e. Sweat glands, Pancreatic digestive enzymes
31
Apocrine glands
After production, the product accumulates in apical end of cell This end pinches off and bursts to release the product i.e. Mammary glands
32
Holocrine glands
The product accumulates in the cell The cell lyses to release the product i.e. Sebaceous glands
33
Connective tissue
Includes tendons, dermis of the skin, bones, blood, fat, and white blood cells
34
Connective Tissue Functions
``` Binds tissues together (tendons) Supports and strengthens other tissues (dermis of skin, membranes) Protection of vital organs (skeleton) Transport (blood) Insulation (fat) Energy storage (fat) Immune response (white blood cells) ```
35
The matrix
Consists of fibers and ground substance
36
Collagen Fibers
Strong, resist stretching
37
Elastic Fibers
Form a network, stretch (150%) and recoil
38
Reticular Fibers
Form a network to support cells, support and strength
39
Ground Substance
The molecules between the cells and the fibers. Can be fluid, semi-fluid, gelatinous, or calcified
40
Loose connective tissue
Areolar, adipose, and loose reticular connective tissue
41
Areolar Connective Tissue
Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells All three types of fiber (collagen, elastic, and reticular), random distribution Location: Widely distributed, under skin, digestive tract, etc. Functions: Weak, flexible, binding
42
Adipose Tissue
Some reticular fibers, adipocytes store fat Location: Widely distributed in the body Function: Store energy
43
Reticular Connective Tissue
Reticular cells Reticular fibers form a mesh to support cells Location: Liver, spleen, kidneys, lymph nodes Function: Framework
44
Dense connective tissue
Regular, irregular, regular elastic, and irregular elastic
45
Dense regular connective tissue
- Fibroblasts secrete collagen - All fibers parallel - i.e. Tendons, ligaments - Function: Hold structures together
46
Dense irregular connective tissue
- Fibroblasts secrete collagen - Random distribution - i.e. Dermis of skin, fascia around muscles - Function: Strength
47
Dense regular elastic connective tissue
- Fibroblasts secrete elastic fibers - All fibers parallel - i.e. Vocal cords - Function: Strength and stretch
48
Dense irregular elastic connective tissue
- Fibroblasts secrete elastic fibers - Random distribution - i.e. Aorta, lungs - Function: Strength and stretch
49
Cartilage
All cells are in "lacuna" | Consists of hyalin, elastic, and fibrocartilage
50
Hyalin Cartilage (Jello with grapes)
- Thin, pale collagen fibers (not visible) - Location: Ends of long bones, trachea, larynx, joints (facilitates growth of skeleton) - Function: Protection and cushioning
51
Elastic Cartilage (Jello with hair and grapes)
- Elastic fibers - Location: Ear and nose - Function: Support and flexibility
52
Fibrocartilage (Jello with grapes in tendons...)
- Thick visible collagen fibers giving extra strength, stronger than hyalin but less elastic - Location: Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, miniscus in knee - Function: Limit compression
53
Bone
- Osteocytes in lacuna, calcified matrix, collagen fibers - Location: Skeleton - Function: Strength and support
54
Blood
- Plasma and formed elements (cells and platelets) - Location: Circulatory system, Liquid matrix in blood vessels - Function: Transport
55
Lymph
- Clear liquid flows through lymphatic system
56
Skeletal muscle
Striated, voluntary, long cells, multinucleated | Location: Muscles that move the skeleton
57
Smooth muscle
No striations, involuntary, influenced by hormones and the autonomic nervous system Location: Blood vessels, intestine, etc.
58
Cardiac muscle
Striated, involuntary, branching fibers, influenced by hormones and autonomic nervous system. Intercalated discs. Location and Function: Heart muscle, pumps blood
59
Nervous Tissue
Axon (Long), dendrite (branches), soma/cell body Location: Everywhere Function: Transmit signals and process information

Human Anatomy (18 decks)

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