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BIO163 > Ch. 18- The Heart > Flashcards

Ch. 18- The Heart Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Take blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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2
Q

Bring blood back to the heart

A

Veins

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3
Q

The smallest blood vessel. Functions in gas exchange and distributing nutrients

A

Capillaries

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4
Q

The region between the pleural sacs; contains the heart and all of the thorax except the lungs

A

Mediastinum

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5
Q

What is the largest blood vessel?

A

Aorta

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6
Q

What layer prevents overfilling of the heart with blood?

A

Fibrous pericardium

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7
Q

What 2 layer membrane contains the pericardial fluid in between?

A

Serous pericardium

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8
Q

What is the role of the pericardial fluid?

A

Allows the heart to beat without friction

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9
Q

Inflammation of tissues around the heart

A

Pericarditis

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10
Q

What is the average heart rate in a person?

A

75 beats/min

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11
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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12
Q

Prevents backflow into atria during ventricular contraction

A

Atrioventricular valves

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13
Q

Prevents backflow from aorta and pulmonary trunk into the ventricles

A

Semilunar valves

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14
Q

Proteins that pull cell together tightly

A

Desmosomes

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15
Q

Allow ions to pass from one cell to another

A

Gap Junctions

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16
Q

Links one cell to the next via actin myofilaments

A

Mechanical junctions

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17
Q

Oxygen storage molcule

A

Myoglobin

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18
Q

Systole is…

A

Contraction

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19
Q

Diastole…

A

Relaxation

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20
Q

Heart Rate=

A

Systole/Diastole

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21
Q

Normal heartbeat is triggered by what?

A

Sinoatrial node

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22
Q

Normal heartbeat is also referred to by

A

The Sinus Rhythm

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23
Q

How long is the cardiac cycle?

A

0.8 seconds

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24
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial node

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25
True or False. Myocytes are autorhythmic
True
26
The study of electrical activity of cells is called...
Electrophysiology
27
Resting membrane potential is...
-60 mVolts
28
Is the RMP stable or unstable?
Unstable
29
Rapid up and down voltage shift
Action potential
30
Loss of polarity (becomes more +)
Depolarization
31
Membrane polarity (-) regained
Repolarization
32
What type of cells have unstable resting potentials called pacemaker potentials
Autorhythmic cells
33
During the pacemaker potential, what is the value shift of milliVolts?
-60 to -40
34
Why does the heart beat every 0.8 seconds?
Because the SA node has an unstable pacemaker potential
35
What does the right side of the heart do?
It receives oxygen-poor blood from the body tissues and then pumps this blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide
36
What does the left side of the heart do?
It receives the oxygenated blood returning from the lungs and then pumps this blood throughout the body to supply oxygen and nutrients to body tissues
37
The right side of the heart participates in what circuit?
Pulmonary circuit
38
The left side of the heart participates in what circuit?
Systemic circuit
39
Through what 3 veins does blood enter the right atrium?
Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
40
What is the role of the atrioventricular valves (AV)?
Prevent back flow into the atria when the ventricles contract
40
What is the role of chordae tendineae and where do they attach?
They attach to each AV valve flap and they anchor the cusps to the papillary muscles protruding from the ventricular walls
41
What kind of cell junctions does cardiac muscle contain (specifically intercalated discs)?
Desmosomes and gap junctions
42
Cardiac pacemaker cells are a part of the intrinsic conduction system and have what kind of testing potential?
Unstable
43
Spontaneously changing membrane potentials in the heart
Pacemaker potentials
44
At what membrane potential does the Ca2+ channels open?
-40mV
45
What happens at the AV node?
The impulse is delayed about 0.1 seconds before moving through the rest of the system
46
What is the only electrical connection between the atria and ventricles?
AV bundle (bundle of His)
47
What is an arrhythmia?
Irregular heart rhythms
48
A condition of rapid and irregular or out of phase contractions in which control of heart rhythm is taken away from the SA node by rapid activity in other heart regions
Fibrillation
49
Cardiac output is...
The amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in 1 min
50
Cardiac output equals
HR X SV
51
Stroke volume equals...
End diastolic volume (EDV) - End systolic volume (ESV)
52
How much does each ventricle pump out per heartbeat?
70 ml
53
The degree to which cardiac muscles are stretched before they contract
Preload
54
What is the stroke volume amount?
70 ml/beat
55
Cardiac output is approximately...
5.25 L/min
56
What nerve secretes acetylcholine to slow SA node firing and regulate heart beat?
Vagal nerve
57
During sympathetic stimulation the heart beats...
Faster
58
What is normal blood pressure?
115-120/70-80 mmHg
59
Does thyroxine increase or decrease HR?
Increase
60
Left side failure of the heart results in
Pulmonary edema
61
Right side failure of the heart results in
Peripheral congestion
62
Occurs when blood supply to tissue is deficient
Ischemia
63
What does the foramen ovale do in a fetus?
Shunts blood from right to left atrium

BIO163 (18 decks)

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