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MA > Ch 43, 44, & 45 > Flashcards

Ch 43, 44, & 45 Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What is dysmenorrhea

A

Painful menstrual flow, cramps

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2
Q

what is amerorrhea

A

Lack of menstrual flow

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3
Q

What is metrorrhagia

A

Abnormal heavy menstrual flow or prolonged menstrual periods

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4
Q

Menses lasting more than 7 days is considered

A

menorrhagia

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5
Q

The cervix controls the opening of which organ

A

The uterus

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6
Q

Which method of birth control has the highest failure rate

A

Diaphragm, cervical cap, cervical sponge (barrier method)

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7
Q

If a mother has HIV, what elective procedure is recommended for giving birth

A

an elective cesarean section (C-section)

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8
Q

Name the hormonal methods of birth control

A

Birth control pills or patch
vaginal ring
depo-provera injections
hormonal implants

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9
Q

Development of the mammary glands is controlled by which hormones

A

prolactin, estrogen, progesterone, and growth hormone (GH)

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10
Q

At which stage of labor does the cervix dilate

A

the first stage of labor

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11
Q

Do the Fallopian tubes attach to the ovaries

A

no

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12
Q

Which abortion may require a D&C

A

(dilation and curettage) procedure may be used in early abortions, specifically those performed up to 13 weeks of pregnancy

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13
Q

What is a complete abortion

A

when all the products of conception (tissue) are expelled from the uterus.

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14
Q

Which hormone stimulates the development of the mammary duct system

A

estrogen and progesterone

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15
Q

On the use of a diaphragm, when must the device be refitted

A

after pregnancy or if a woman gains or loses 10 or more pounds

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16
Q

For patients who want to delay pregnancy for at least 18 months, which contraceptive would b e a good choice

A

IUDs and implants

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17
Q

What is the primary reason for screening all pregnant women for HIV

A

to prevent perinatal transmission of the virus to the baby

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18
Q

What conditions are OCT hormones used treat

A

Octreotide, a somatostatin analog, is primarily used to treat the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome

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19
Q

Pregnant women at ___ to ___ weeks are screened for gestational diabetes mellitus

A

24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy

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20
Q

Why is an NST ordered

A

A Nonstress Test (NST) is often recommended for high-risk pregnancies or when there are concerns about fetal well-being

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21
Q

As legal protection for the provider, during which part of the gynecological examination should the MA remain in the examination room

A

during all phases of the gynecological examination

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22
Q

What are some names of idiopathic benign tumors composed mainly of smooth muscle and some fibrous connective tissue

A

Uterine fibroids

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23
Q

Which prenatal blood test helps determine immunity to German measles

A

Rubella IgG serology test

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24
Q

What is a missed abortion

A

occurs when a pregnancy has stopped developing, but the pregnancy tissue (including the embryo or fetus) remains in the uterus without being expelled

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25
What is spontaneous abortion
Natural dead of an embryo or fetus before the fetal age of viability; also called a miscarriage
26
Which procedures can be used to collect biopsy samples and as a treatment to remove abnormal tissue
colposcopy, loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), endometrial biopsy, hysteroscopy, and cone biopsy
27
Does the Denver II Development Screening Test test for intelligence
no
28
Croup, a viral infection causes _________ and _______ of the vocal cords
causes swelling and inflammation of the vocal cords and upper airways
29
Myringotomy may be required when children suffer from chronic _____
otitis media
30
What is otitis media
Usually a side effecdt of a coold or other respiratory trac disorder Infection or inflammation of the middle ear Classified as either serous or suppurative If fluid exists in the middle ear for longer than 3 months or if child experiences hearing loss, the provider may recommend a myringotomy
31
Children's head circumference should be measured to the nearest _______ inch
to the nearest ⅛th inch
32
In children, what conditions can diarrhea cause
by many microorganisms, like bacteria, viruses, and parasites; food allergies or certain medications, like antibiotics
33
If left untreated can a strep infection lead to heart and kidney disease
Yes, untreated strep throat can potentially lead to serious complications affecting both the heart and kidneys
34
Routine head circumference measurement is recommended for children under the age of ____
for children under the age of 3 years
35
What is another name for chicken pox
Measles
36
Tetanus is a part of which immunization
DTaP
37
Why would a child be diagnose failure to thrive
An infant or young child whose weight is consistently below the 3rd percentile on standardized growth charts, or who is 20% below the ideal body weight for length
38
What is a helpful approach to recognize when dealing with adolescent patients
adolescents are self-consciuos and strongly influenced by peers privacy is very important to them address how a procedure might affect the adolescent's appearance do not be judgmental; listen without condemning encourage the adolescent to verbalize his or her concerns and fears the adolescent may regress to more childish behaviors when sick teenagers want to be treated as adults; they want to know what is being done and why to promote honest discussion about lifestyle issues, encourage the teenager to see the provider without the parent present
39
Adolescents at post-conventional level display what behaviors
They look to family members for encouragement and guidance in making decisions that will help them develop self-confidence and become patient, in addition to becoming less impulsive and self-centered
40
Sigmund Fread's development theories focused on _____, ______, and _______
Sigmund Freud's developmental theories focused on the psychosexual stages, the structural model of the mind (id, ego, superego), and the importance of the unconscious mind in shaping personality and behavior
41
Which age group would receive the varicella vaccine
The routine schedule includes two doses: the first at 12-15 months and the second at 4-6 years
42
Cystic fricosis is caused by _______
mutations in the CFTR gene
43
Why is the medication Advair Diskus prescribed
Advair Diskus is prescribed for the long-term treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, in adults and some children
44
What are the indicators of dehydration in children
lack of tears when crying lethargy fewer wet diapers or decreased urination dry mouth and lips weight loss
45
Which factors determine the growth and development in children
genetics inherited from the parents, nutritional status, environmental factors, presence of disease
46
During what phase in growth does a child gain almost half of his/her adult weight and organs double in size
12 to 18 years
47
Which immunization are administered IM
DTap, HAV, HBV, Hib, HPV, Influenza, IPV, Meningococcal vaccine for meningitis (MCV4), Pneumococcal (PCV)
48
What infections disease is caused by the parvovirus B19
fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)
49
By the age of 3, the child's vocabulary consist of _____ words
900
50
Are there any medications that cure the flu
no, antiviral medications can significantly help in managing the illness
51
What is the leading cause of death and injury in adolescents
unintentional injuries
52
How do varicose veins occur
weakened valves in the veins, leading to blood pooling and causing the veins to enlarge and twist
53
Is Grave's disease a frequent health problem in the elderly
it's less frequently diagnosed in the elderly
54
Is constipation associated with aging
Yes
55
Why would an older person diagnosed with diabetes metillus type 2 have difficulty complying with treatment protocols
age-related changes in cognitive function, reduced vision, mobility issues, and potential for polypharmacy from other health conditions. These factors can hinder their ability to follow prescribed medications, monitor blood glucose, and make necessary lifestyle adjustments
56
What does intraocular pressure cause
Glaucoma
57
How is the epidermis change as we get older
the cells in the epidermis reproduce more slowly as people age, and this slower regeneration caused the skin to appear thinner. The skin becomes more prone to tearing and blistering. The risk for infections increases, the healing process takes longer, and older people are more susceptible to bruising. Vitamin D synthesis, a major function of the epidermis, significantly declines in aged skin, and a decrease in the number of melanocytes increases photo-sensitivity
58
What are the signs and symptoms of diabetes in the elderly
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, unexplained weight loss, slow wound healing, recurrent bacterial or fungal infections, changes in mental state, cataracts, macular disease, muscle weakness and pain, angina, foot ulcers, uremia
59
Is diabetes type 1 associated with aging
No, type 2 is associated with aging
60
The buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain are associated with what disease
Alzheimer Disease (AD)
61
What can interfere with a man's sexual function as he ages
physical health conditions, hormonal changes, and lifestyle factors
62
Why is urinary incontinence a common problem in aging people
Changes of the urinary system make older people vulnerable to incontinence, but factors such as infection, confusion difficulty with mobility, and side effects to medications contribute to the development of the problem
63
Which medications are used to treat AD
Donepezil (Aricept), Galantamine (Razadine), Rivastigmine (Exelon), Memantine (Nameda)
64
What is one of the most common complaints related to skin among older people
wrinkles age spots blotches leathery, dry, loose skin
65
Which layers of the skin can be affected by the sun or by the normal aging process
the 3 layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue
66
What is diverticulosis and how do aging individuals get the disease
Diverticulosis is a common condition, especially in older adults, where small pouches, called diverticula, form in the wall of the colon. While the exact cause is unknown, low-fiber diets and potential weakening of the colon wall with age are thought to play a role
67
What has been found to help maintain cognitive abilities in aging individuals
remain mentally and physically stimulated. Exercise improves memory and thinking because of its positive effect on vascular health, increasing the amount of oxygen delivered to the aging brain. Keep socially active; practice stress-reduction activities; quick smoking; drink alcohol in moderation; use hearing aids and glasses, if needed, stay in touch with the world; and receive treatment for depression, diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol levels
68
What are the risk factors for osteoporosis
female gender thin, small-boned frame family history of osteoporosis estrogen deficiency before age 45, either from early menopause or oophorectomy estrogen deficiency resulting from an abnormal absence of menses racial background aging extended use of anticonvulsant drugs, prednisone, and excessive thyroid hormone medications sedentary lifestyle, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and lack of calcium and vitamin D when growing up
69
What changes in the elderly can directly affect the individuals activity level (height, weight, muscle or skeletal)
Cartilage loss and degeneration, which produce osteoarthritis, commonly occur in the weight-bearing joints of the older people. Joint range of motion is affected, and the inter-vertebral disc spaces are decreased, causing loss of height as the person ages. A breakdown in joint structures may lead to inflammation, pain stiffness, and deformity
70
What is the purpose of mini mental state examinations
The purpose of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is to provide a brief and objective measure of cognitive function, primarily to screen for cognitive impairment

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